https://www.selleckchem.com/products/arv-110.html . Furthermore, C2-C3 vertebral disc angle may be independent from age. Despite some prospective case series showing effectiveness of vaginal laser to treat genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), there is a paucity of placebo-controlled level one evidence. To assess the effect of fractional carbon dioxide (CO ) laser therapy to treat GSM against a sham comparator. We conducted a parallel, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial to compare menopausal women treated with fractional CO laser against sham treatment for improvement in GSM-related dyspareunia. Three treatments were given 6 weeks apart, and participants attended a 6-month visit from study start for primary (proportion improved) and secondary (vaginal health index, VHI; visual analogue scale, VAS; modified global assessment, PGI-I; Female Sexual Function Index, FSFI; Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging, DIVA; Urinary Distress Inventory short-form, UDI-6) assessments. The primary endpoint was a 2-stage improvement in GSM-related dyspareunia from baseline to 6 months determined by a severity scale, ande the therapeutic effect of this novel modality. Cruff J, Khandwala S, A Double-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Therapy on Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause. J Sex Med 2021;18761-769. Despite a growing body of research on psychosocial factors in Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD) during sexual intercourse, there are few studies examining adolescent and young adult women's experiences with painful sex and the effects of religiosity, sexual education, and sex guilt. The purpose of the study was to examine the occurrence of GPPPD among sexually active female college students, including psychosocial factors of religiosity and religious practice, sexual education, sex guilt, and sexual distress. Data were collected from 974 college women from a university in the Northeastern U.S