https://www.selleckchem.com/products/eft-508.html 3kg [-5.0, 0.3]), this difference was not statistically significant. However, the AG showed a significant reduction in the desire for sweet foods (P=0.005). Although this pilot study did not show that repeated tDCS is able to optimize weight loss, it was able to reduce the desire to eat sweet foods. These findings suggest that a protocol with a larger sample size could determine whether tDCS may be an adjunctive treatment of obesity. Although this pilot study did not show that repeated tDCS is able to optimize weight loss, it was able to reduce the desire to eat sweet foods. These findings suggest that a protocol with a larger sample size could determine whether tDCS may be an adjunctive treatment of obesity. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the diabetes mellitus complications, which develops in approximately one-third of diabetic patients. Probiotics are microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium which have some benefits with gastrointestinal disorders and diabetic patients. We aim to assess the efficacy of probiotic supplementation in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane on 20 august 2019 and updated the search on 26 April 2020 using relevant keywords. Studies were screened for eligibility. We extracted the data from the relevant articles and then these data were pooled as mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), using Review Manager software (ver. 3.5). Pooled data from four trials compared probiotics with a placebo showed a significant reduction in insulin (MD=-1.99, 95% CI [-3.99, 0.01]) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (MD= -3.87, 95% CI [-7.51,-0.22]), High-sensitivity C-reactive prording kidney function, body-weight, and lipid profiles, with a moderate positive effect regarding some oxidative stress biomarkers. Also, probiotic soy protein may improve kidney function and lipid profiles. Further