https://www.selleckchem.com/products/baf312-siponimod.html Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), a health risk related to long-duration spaceflight, is hypothesized to result from a headward fluid shift that occurs with the loss of hydrostatic pressure gradients in weightlessness. Shifts in the vascular and cerebrospinal fluid compartments alter the mechanical forces at the posterior eye and lead to flattening of the posterior ocular globe. The goal of the present study was to develop a method to quantify globe flattening observed by magnetic resonance imaging after spaceflight. Volumetric displacement of the posterior globe was quantified in 10 astronauts at 5 time points after spaceflight missions of ~6 months. Mean globe volumetric displacement was 9.88 mm (95% CI 4.56-15.19 mm , p < 0.001) on the first day of assessment after the mission (R[return]+ 1 day); 9.00 mm (95% CI 3.73-14.27 mm , p = 0.001) at R + 30 days; 6.53 mm (95% CI 1.24-11.83 mm , p < 0.05) at R + 90 days; 4.45 mm (95% CI -0.96 to 9.86 mm , p = 0.12) at R + 1anding of SANS. The use of monoscopic cameras for glaucoma screening is increasing due to their portability, lower cost, and non-mydriatic capabilities. However, it is important to compare the accuracy of such devices with stereoscopic cameras that are used clinically and are considered the gold standard in optic disc assessment. The aim of this study is to compare vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) estimates obtained using images taken with a monoscopic and stereoscopic camera. Participants were selected from the Tema Eye Survey. Eligible subjects had images of at least one eye taken with two cameras. They were classified as meeting the glaucoma threshold if an eye had a VCDR estimate >97.5th percentile, corresponding to >0.725 for this population. Hence, we used 0.725 as the cutoff to group eyes into two categories positive and negative. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of VCDR assessed by expert r