Our data suggested that CCI caused anxiety-like behavior in OFT and EPM test. 5-HT concentration in the CA1 region of the hippocampus significantly (F=43.8, p=0.000) reduced in CCI rats, when the pain threshold was minimum. Nevertheless, these alterations reversed while the pain threshold innate increased.
 
  Neuropathic pain, initiated by constriction of the sciatic nerve can induce anxiety-like behavior in rats. This effect accompanies the reduction in 5-HT concentration in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. When the pain spontaneously alleviated, 5-HT level increased and anxiety-like behavior relieved.
 Neuropathic pain, initiated by constriction of the sciatic nerve can induce anxiety-like behavior in rats. This effect accompanies the reduction in 5-HT concentration in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. When the pain spontaneously alleviated, 5-HT level increased and anxiety-like behavior relieved.
  Physical activity can lead to hypoalgesic effects and is often recommended as part of multidisciplinary pain management.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Eloxatin.html  Based on the idea, that in future specific and more differentiated sports therapeutic interventions could be used for a multidisciplinary pain management, various type of sports and their effects on pain sensitivity should be analysed. Whereas endurance as well as strengthening exercises are associated with a decrease in pain sensitivity in healthy people as well as people with chronic pain states, the effects of a specific coordination training (CT) on pain sensitivity have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, aim of the present study was to examine if a single bout of CT leads to exercised-induced hypoalgesia in young healthy men.
 
  Thirty five healthy men (mean age 27±3 years) were examined in a randomised crossover design before and after a single bout of 45-min CT and a 45-min resting session as control condition by means of Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST). The QST iduce exercised-induced hypoalgesia in people with pathological alterations of the somatosensory system. In addition, it has to examined if analgesic effects can be induced by changing the intensity of CT in healthy people. Detailed knowledge regarding the effects of different training interventions on pain modulation is needed to completely understand the mechanism of exercised-induced hypoalgesia.Objectives Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a trigger of Chronic Fatigue (CF) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate pain symptoms and pressure pain thresholds in fatigued and non-fatigued adolescents six months after acute EBV-infection, and in healthy controls. This study is part of the CEBA-project (CF following acute EBV infection in adolescents). Methods A total of 195 adolescents (12-20 years old) that had undergone an acute EBV infection six months prior to assessment were divided into fatigued (EBV CF+) and non-fatigued (EBV CF-) cases based on questionnaire score. The EBV CF+ cases were further sub-divided according to case definitions of CFS. In addition, a group of seventy healthy controls was included. Symptoms were mapped with questionnaires. Pressure pain thresholds were measured through pressure algometry. One way ANOVA were used for between-group analyses. Linear regression analyses were used to explore associations between Pediatric Quality of Life (dependent variable), pain symptoms and other variables within the EBV (CF+) group. Results The EBV CF+ group had significantly higher scores for pain symptoms as compared with the EBV CF- group and healthy controls, but pressure pain threshold did not differ significantly. The number of pain symptoms as well as pain severity were strongly and independently associated with quality of life. Conclusions CF and CFS following acute EBV-infection in adolescents is characterized by high pain symptom burden, which in turn is associated with a decline in quality of life. Pain in CF and CFS is of considerable clinical importance, and should be a focal point for further investigation and intervention in these patient groups.
  Leishmaniasis is a neglected and widespread parasitic disease that can lead to serious health problems. The current review study aimed to synthesize the relationship between ecologic and environmental factors (e.g., weather conditions, climatology, temperature and topology) and the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Old World.
 
  A systematic review was conducted based on English, and Persian articles published from 2015 to 2020 in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Keywords used to search articles were leishmaniasis, environmental factors, weather condition, soil, temperature, land cover, ecologic* and topogr*. All articles were selected and assessed for eligibility according to the titles or abstracts. The quality screening process of articles was carried out by two independent authors. The selected articles were checked according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
 
  A total of 827 relevant records in 2015-2020 were searched and after evaluating the artic on CL, it can be concluded that designing an early warning system is necessary to predict the incidence of CL based on different weather conditions.The global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the early months of 2020 was rapid and exposed vulnerabilities in health systems throughout the world. Obstetric SARS-CoV-2 disease was discovered to be largely asymptomatic carriage but included a small rate of severe disease with rapid decompensation in otherwise healthy women. Higher rates of hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and intubation, along with higher infection rates in minority and disadvantaged populations have been documented across regions. The operational gymnastics that occurred daily during the Covid-19 emergency needed to be translated to the obstetrics realm, both inpatient and ambulatory. Resources for adaptation to the public health crisis included workforce flexibility, frequent communication of operational and protocol changes for evaluation and management, and application of innovative ideas to meet the demand.