https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fino2.html Two studies showed 100% sensitivity of ASL in the identification of residual or obliterated AVMs following stereotactic radiosurgery. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations in the current evidence base and technical challenges, this review suggests that ASL has a promising role in the work-up and post-treatment follow-up of AVMs. Larger scale prospective studies assessing the diagnostic performance of ASL are warranted. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE ASL demonstrates overall validity in the evaluation of intracranial AVMs.OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality in virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) at 40 kilo-electron volts (keV) with three-dimensional iterative image reconstruction (3D-IIR). METHODS A phantom study and clinical study (31 patients) were performed with dual-energy CT (DECT). VMI at 40 keV was obtained and the images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), 50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR), and 3D-IIR. We conducted subjective and objective evaluations of the image quality with each reconstruction technique. RESULTS The image contrast-to-noise ratio and image noise in both the clinical and phantom studies were significantly better with 3D-IIR than with 50% ASiR, and with 50% ASiR than with FBP (all, p less then 0.05). The standard deviation and noise power spectra of the reconstructed images decreased in the order of 3D-IIR to 50% ASiR to FBP, while the modulation transfer function was maintained across the three reconstruction techniques. In most subjective evaluations in the clinical study, the image quality was significantly better with 3D-IIR than with 50% ASiR, and with 50% ASiR than with FBP (all, p less then 0.001). Regarding the diagnostic acceptability, all images using 3D-IIR were evaluated as being fully or probably acceptable. CONCLUSIONS The quality of VMI at 40 keV is improved by 3D-IIR, which allows the image noise to be reduced and str