https://www.selleckchem.com/ Aims/introduction We investigated the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) according to the cumulative exposure to obesity or metabolic syndrome (MetS) during annual or biennial health examinations. Materials and methods The Korean National Health Insurance Service datasets from 2002 to 2017 were used for this retrospective longitudinal study. The risk for T2D was analyzed according to the cumulative exposure to obesity and MetS among individuals who underwent four health examinations from 2009 to 2012 or 2013 (N= 2,851,745). Results During examinations, 28.56% and 17.86% of the total subjects showed fluctuations in metabolic health state and obesity, respectively. During a mean 5.01 years of follow-up, 98,950 new T2D cases developed. The risk for T2D increased with the increase in exposure to MetS [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.92 (2.86-2.99), 4.96 (4.85-5.08), 7.46 (7.30-7.63), and 12.24 (12.00-12.49) in groups with number of exposures one to four, respectively] and obesity [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.60 (1.56-1.65), 1.87 (1.81-1.92), 2.25 (2.19-2.31), and 3.46 (3.41-3.51) in groups with number of exposures one to four, respectively], exhibiting a more detrimental effect of cumulative exposure to MetS, when compared to the exposure to obesity. Conclusions Metabolic health and obesity fluctuated within a relatively short period of four to five years. Although the impact was much greater for MetS than for obesity, the cumulative duration of both obesity and MetS was associated with an increased risk of T2D in a dose-response manner. Therefore, continuously maintaining metabolic health and normal weight is crucial to prevent incident T2D.Calycosin is a naturally occurring phytoestrogen, and it has the anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) action played by calycosin. However, the elaborate mechanisms of calycosin treating NPC remain to be unrevealed. In current report, a promising tool of network pharmacology metho