Both sets of the 1Ay introgression lines reduced dough-mixing time compared to the recurrent parent Livingston. The results also showed that 1Ay21* had a higher potential to improve the baking quality than 1AyT1 under the Livingston genetic background. Both alleles showed the potential to be utilized in breeding programs to improve the breadmaking quality.Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have commonly been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. In light of significant differences in ROS levels between the nonpathogenic and pathological tissues, an increasing number of ROS-responsive prodrugs, probes, and theranostic prodrugs have been developed for the targeted treatment and precise diagnosis of ROS-related diseases. This review will summarize and provide insight into recent advances in ROS-responsive prodrugs, fluorescent probes, and theranostic prodrugs, with applications to different ROS-related diseases and various subcellular organelle-targetable and disease-targetable features. The ROS-responsive moieties, the self-immolative linkers, and the typical activation mechanism for the ROS-responsive release are also summarized and discussed.The block-localized wave function method is useful to provide insights on chemical bonding and intermolecular interactions through energy decomposition analysis. The method relies on block localization of molecular orbitals (MOs) by constraining the orbitals to basis functions within given blocks. Here, a generalized block-localized orbital (GBLO) method is described to allow both physically localized and delocalized MOs to be constrained in orbital-block definitions. Consequently, GBLO optimization can be conveniently tailored by imposing specific constraints. The GBLO method is illustrated by three examples (1) constrained polarization response orbitals through dipole and quadrupole perturbation in a water dimer complex, (2) the ground and first excited-state potential energy curves of ethene about its C-C bond rotation, and (3) excitation energies of double electron excited states. Multistate density functional theory is used to determine the energies of the adiabatic ground and excited states using a minimal active space (MAS) comprising specifically charge-constrained and excited determinant configurations that are variationally optimized by the GBLO method. We find that the GBLO expansion that includes delocalized MOs in configurational blocks significantly reduces computational errors in comparison with physical block localization, and the computed ground- and excited-state energies are in good accordance with experiments and results obtained from multireference configuration interaction calculations.Unadorned carbon nitride was synthesized via different nitrogen-rich precursors by thermal polymerization and applied to multifungicides for simultaneous photodegradation in the present study. Urea-derived carbon nitride (UCN) was verified to be most efficient in fungicide removal. The influences of catalyst dosage and pH were studied during the photodegradation process. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) and holes (h+) are the active species during photodegradation of each of the eight fungicides within an aqueous environment. The primary photodegradation products and pathways of all eight fungicides were systematically identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. In addition, the UCN catalyst was also applied to potted plants. The experimental results revealed that UCN could reduce fungicide residues in plants grown within a contaminated matrix. This study shows promising applications of the UCN catalyst in alleviating the hazards of pesticide residue.Single-site catalysts have drawn broad attention in catalysis because of their maximum atomic utilization and unique catalytic performance. Early work in our group has shown a 40-fold higher activity of methanol decomposition over single-site Pt1/CeO2 catalyst than CeO2 supported 2.5 nm Pt nanoparticles, while a molecular-level understanding of such enhancement is lacking. Herein, the reaction mechanism of methanol decomposition over Pt1/CeO2 was carefully investigated using in situ DRIFTS, and a reaction pathway was proposed. Methanol molecules were dissociatively adsorbed on nanoceria support first, followed by the diffusion of as-formed methoxy species onto Pt single sites where the dehydrogenation occurs and results in the weakly bonded CO. The ease of methanol dissociative adsorption on nanoceria support and the tailored electronic property of Pt1 via the metal-support interaction are believed to be strongly correlated with the high activity of Pt1/CeO2.Separation of racemic mixtures is of great importance and interest in chemistry and pharmacology. Porous materials including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely explored as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in chiral resolution. However, it remains a challenge to develop new CSPs for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), which is the most popular chromatographic mode and accounts for over 90% of all separations. Here we demonstrated for the first time that highly stable Zr-based MOFs can be efficient CSPs for RP-HPLC. By elaborately designing and synthesizing three tetracarboxylate ligands of enantiopure 1,1'-biphenyl-20-crown-6, we prepared three chiral porous Zr(IV)-MOFs with the framework formula [Zr6O4(OH)8(H2O)4(L)2]. They share the same flu topological structure but channels of different sizes and display excellent tolerance to water, acid, and base. Chiral crown ether moieties are periodically aligned within the framework channels, allowing for stereoselective recognition of guest molecules via supramolecular interactions. Under acidic aqueous eluent conditions, the Zr-MOF-packed HPLC columns provide high resolution, selectivity, and durability for the separation of a variety of model racemates, including unprotected and protected amino acids and N-containing drugs, which are comparable to or even superior to several commercial chiral columns for HPLC separation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/6-thio-dg.html  DFT calculations suggest that the Zr-MOF provides a confined microenvironment for chiral crown ethers that dictates the separation selectivity.