GL, and CQI were associated with specific metabolomic profiles in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease risk. Our findings may help in understanding the role of dietary carbohydrate indices in the development of cardiometabolic disorders. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN35739639.
  Observational studies have shown that higher cereal fiber intake is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk. However, it remains uncertain whether this association is causal.
 
  This study evaluated the feasibility of an intervention to increase cereal fiber intake in children using breakfast cereals.
 
  The study was a 2-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial in 9-10-y-old children, who received free supplies of high-fiber breakfast cereals (>3.5 g/portion) or low-fiber breakfast cereals (<1.0 g/portion) to eat daily for 1mo with behavioral support to promote adherence. Children provided baseline and 1-mo fasting blood samples, physical measurements, and 24-h dietary recalls. The primary outcome was the group difference in change in plasma total alkylresorcinol (AR) concentration; secondary outcomes were group differences in nutrient intakes and adiposity indices. Analyses (complete case and multiple imputation) were conducted by regressing the final AR concentration on baseline AR in modegistered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN33260236.
 We have developed a simple and acceptable nutritional intervention that increases markers of daily cereal fiber intake in children. This intervention could be used to test whether increases in cereal fiber intake in children might reduce insulin resistance. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN33260236.Hydrophytes are plants that grow in or on water. Their overgrowth adversely affects the ecosystem because of crowding out other aquatic organisms and polluting the environment with plant residue. In principle, cellulolytic bacteria can be used to degrade hydrophyte biomass.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  We here isolated and characterized four cellulolytic bacterial strains from Lake Donghu sediments (Wuhan, China) that are rich in organic matter and plant residues. The isolates (WDHS-01 to 04) represent Bacillus, Micromonospora and Streptomyces genera. The bacteria exhibited pronounced endoglucanase activities (from 0.022 to 0.064 U mL-1). They did not extensively degrade the emerged plant Canna indica L. However, in an Hydrilla verticillata (submerged plant) degradation medium, strain WDHS-02 exhibited a high degradation rate (54.91%), endoglucanase activity of 0.35 U mL-1 and the conversion rate of cellulose to reducing sugars of 7.15%. Correlation analysis revealed that bacterial endoglucanase activity was significantly correlated with the degradation rate, and acid detergent lignin, ash and cellulose content of the residual H. verticillata powder. In conclusion, the identified bacteria efficiently decomposed submerged plants without the need for acid-base pretreatment. They expand the set of known cellulolytic bacteria and can be used for natural degradation of submerged plants.The biochemical routes for assimilation of one-carbon compounds in bacteria require many clarifications. In this study, the role of malyl-CoA lyase in the metabolism of the aerobic type I methanotroph Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z has been investigated by gene inactivation and biochemical studies. The functionality of the enzyme has been confirmed by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The mutant strain lacking Mcl activity demonstrated the phenotype of glycine auxotrophy. The genes encoding malyl-CoA lyase are present in the genomes of all methanotrophs, except for representatives of the phylum Verrucomicrobium. We suppose that malyl-CoA lyase is the enzyme that provides glyoxylate and glycine synthesis in the type I methanotrophs supporting carbon assimilation via the serine cycle in addition to the major ribulose monophosphate cycle.
  Viral infections of the upper airways are the most common cause for absence from work or school, and there is evidence for probiotic efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of these infections.
 
  We aimed to confirm the previously reported beneficial effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 87002 against community-acquired common colds and identify a possible mechanism of action.
 
  In a double-blind study, healthy adults (18-70 years of age) with at least 4 colds during the last 12 months before recruitment were randomly allocated to consume either probiotics (n=448; total daily dose of 109 CFU with the 2 strains equally represented) or placebo (n=450) once daily for 12 weeks. Recruitment took place from October to February during 2013-2016 (over 3 cold seasons). The probiotic impact on the severity of the colds (Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21) was the primary endpoint, whereas secondary endpoints included the incidence rate and duration of coldsls.gov as NCT02013934.
 Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 87002 can be protective against multiple colds in adults prone to getting colds.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02013934.
  For decades, Americans have increasingly relied on food away from home (FAFH) despite its association with negative health outcomes. Little is known about FAFH frequency and expenditures of adults with lower food security (FS) and their association with health outcomes, such as BMI.
 
  We evaluated patterns of adults' FAFH purchases by FS status and other demographic characteristics, and examined the association between FAFH frequency and BMI in adults of varying levels of FS.
 
  This cross-sectional study used data from the Consumer Behavior Survey, Food Security Survey, and anthropometric measurements to assess FAFH frequency and expenditures, FS, and calculated BMI of adults (≥18y) who participated in the NHANES 2007-2014 (n=20,733). We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between FAFH frequency quartiles (quartile 1 0 n/wk; quartile 2 1-2 n/wk; quartile 3 3-4 n/wk; quartile 4 ≥5 n/wk) and BMI by FS category.
 
  Although FAFH frequency was similar across FS levels, adults with high FS spent more dollars ($\$$213.