Oxidative stress is a state of stress injury, which leads to the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, this is also one of the main reasons for the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the abnormal content of dopamine (DA). In the past decades, a number of studies have found that acetaminophen (AP) is metabolized and distributed in the brain when it is used as a neuroprotective compound. In this context, we proposed an electrochemical sensor based on 9-(4-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole with the goal of diagnosing these two drugs in the body. Carbazole groups can easily be formed into large π-conjugated systems by electropolymerization. The introduction of anthracene exactly combined the carbazole group to establish an efficient electron donor-acceptor pattern, which enhanced π-π interaction with the electrode surface and charge transporting ability. The diagnostic platform showed good sensing activity toward the oxidation of DA and AP. The detection range for DA and AP is from 0.2 to 300 μM and from 0.2 to 400 μM, respectively. The simultaneous detection range is from 0.5 to 250 μM, which is wider than most reports. After a series of electrochemical assessments were determined, the sensor was finally developed to the analysis of pharmaceutical and human serum, displaying a meaningful potential in clinical evaluation.Alkali metal (Na or K) doping in BiVO4 was examined systematically for enhancing bulk charge separation and transport in addition to improving charge transfer from the surface. The alkali metal-doped BiVO4 thin film photoanodes having nanostructured porous grain surface morphology exhibited better photocurrent density than pristine BiVO4. In particular, NaBiVO4/FeNi/Co-Pi photoanode showed a significantly improved photocurrent of 3.2 ± 0.15 mA·cm-2 in 0.1 M K2HPO4 electrolyte at 1.23 VRHE under 1 sun illumination. The depth-dependent Doppler broadening spectroscopy measurements confirmed the significant reduction in Bi- and V-based defect density with Na metal doping, and this led to a higher bulk diffusion length of charge pairs (four times that of the pristine one).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bromelain.html  Na doping led to reduced surface defects resulting in improved surface charge transfer based on cyclic voltammetry experiments. The density functional theory calculations confirmed the improved performance in Na-doped BiVO4 photoanodes achieved through interband formation and reduction in the band gap.The reaction of the bis(1,2-dithiolene) complex [Pd(Me2timdt)2] (1; Me2timdt•- = monoreduced 1,3-dimethyl-2,4,5-trithioxoimidazolidine) with Br2 yielded the complex [Pd(Me2timdt)Br2] (2), which was reacted with Na2mnt (mnt2- = 1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolate) to give the neutral mixed-ligand complex [Pd(Me2timdt)(mnt)] (3). Complex 3 shows an intense solvatochromic near-infrared (NIR) absorption band falling between 955 nm in DMF and 1060 nm in CHCl3 (ε = 10700 M-1 cm-1 in CHCl3). DFT calculations were used to elucidate the electronic structure of complex 3 and to compare it with those of the corresponding homoleptic complexes 1 and [Pd(mnt)2] (4). An in-depth comparison of calculated and experimental structural and vis-NIR spectroscopic properties, supported by IEF-PCM TD-DFT and NBO calculations, clearly points to a description of 3 as a dithione-dithiolato complex. For the first time, a broken-symmetry (BS) procedure for the evaluation of the singlet diradical character (DC) of heteroleptic bis(1,2-dithiolene) complexes has been developed and applied to complex 3. The DC, predominant for 1 (nDC = 55.4%), provides a remarkable contribution to the electronic structures of the ground states of both 3 and 4, showing a diradicaloid nature (nDC = 24.9% and 27.5%, respectively). The computational approach developed here clearly shows that a rational design of the DC of bis(1,2-ditiolene) metal complexes, and hence their linear and nonlinear optical properties, can be achieved by a proper choice of the 1,2-dithiolene ligands based on their electronic structure.Photo-induced modulation of electronic conductance has been achieved by employing an AgI-based two-dimensional coordination polymer (CP) having pyridine-functionalized photochromic dimethyldihydropyrene-cyclophanediene (DHP-CPD) π-switch. Both the coordination polymer and the organic photochromic core were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The coordination polymer displayed an excellent conductance in the ON state of the switch in the closed form of DHP. Upon exposure to visible light, the π-switch in the CPD form loses its planarity, turning the switch OFF, which is reflected in the drastic reduction of the conductance. Exposure to UV light turns the switch back ON wherein the high electronic conductance of the polymer can be restored.Rates of NO release from synthetic dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) are shown to be responsive to coordination environments about iron. The effect of biologically relevant cellular components, glutathione and histidine, on the rate of NO release from a dimeric, "Roussin's Red Ester", DNIC with bridging μ-S thioglucose ligands, SGlucRRE or [(μ-SGluc)Fe(NO)2]2 (SGluc = 1-thio-β-d-glucose tetraacetate), was investigated. From the Griess assay and X-band EPR data, decomposition of the product from the histidine-cleaved dimer, [(SGluc)(NHis)Fe(NO)2], generated Fe(III) and increased the NO release rate in aqueous media when compared to the intact SGlucRRE precursor. In contrast, increasing concentrations of exogenous glutathione generated the stable [(SGluc)(GS)Fe(NO)2]- anion and depressed the rate of NO release. Both of the cleaved, monomeric intermediates were characterized with ESI-MS, EPR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. On the basis of the Griess assay coupled with data from an intracellular fluorometric probe, both the monomeric DNICs and dimeric SGlucRRE diffuse into smooth muscle cells, chosen as appropriate archetypes of vascular relaxation, and release their NO payload. Ultimately, this work provides insight into tuning NO release beyond the design of DNICs, through the incubation with safe, accessible biological molecules.