https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tak-875.html Our findings demonstrated that 10 Hz active rTMS stimulation was beneficial to improving the positive symptoms of patients with chronic schizophrenia, and the EEG microstate could be an effective indicator of symptom improvements.Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by excessive preoccupation with imagined or slight physical defects in appearance. BDD is associated with cognitive impairments (attention, visual processing). Our study aims to evaluate the early neural responses (N100, P200) to prepulse inhibition (PPI) and prepulse facilitation (PPF), to investigate attentional processing of BDD in the auditory domain. Fifty-five adults took part 30 BDD patients and 25 healthy controls. We compared their brain responses to PPI and PPF by analyzing global field power (GFP), event-related potentials (ERPs) and their respective sources. BDD exhibited reduced N100 amplitudes compared to healthy controls in response to the startle tone elicited by both PPI and PPF, potentially suggesting impaired allocation of attention. Interestingly, the lower the GFP at the N100, the higher the BDD severity. Source reconstruction analysis showed reduced activation for BDD during the N100 time window in PPI. Scalp responses and source activations in PPI were decreased overall compared to PPF, confirming the gating effect of PPI. We provided evidence that the N100 may serve as an electrophysiological marker of BDD, predicting its severity. Our study demonstrated the potential of using ERPs combined with behavioural PPI and PPF protocols to advance our understanding of BDD pathophysiology. Although previous studies have consistently demonstrated that neurocognitive and social cognitive impairments are commonly observed in schizophrenia, the neural substrates of deficits of cognitive function remain unclear, especially for the chronic schizophrenia. There has been little resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI