https://www.selleckchem.com/products/foxy5.html Delayed diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis (TB) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a serious problem in terms of infection control. Here, we report our preemptive infection control activities implemented after the diagnosis of miliary TB in a mother of preterm twins (index twins, NB1 and NB2) in NICU. Added to this, we reviewed previous case reports of congenital TB exposure in the NICU setting. Immediately after recognizing miliary TB of the mother, the index twins were isolated before their TB diagnosis and received preemptive antiTB medication, and contact investigations were also conducted. Eventually, NB1 was diagnosed with congenital TB at 29 days of age and NB2 showed no definite evidence of TB. Through contact investigation, 11 of 16 exposed infants received isoniazid prophylaxis and no positive TST result was detected after 3 months. One of 31 exposed health care workers showed new interferon-gamma release assay conversion. Moreover, our case showed much shorter contagious period compared to those of the previous reports (8 versus 17-102 days). This suggests that a high index of suspicion and prompt measures can help prevent congenital TB outbreak and reduce the burden of infection control activities in NICU.Five novel strains of Serratia fonticola that produce FONA, a minor extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), were isolated during routine surveillance of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in imported chicken meat in Japan in 2017 and 2018. These strains exhibited a clear ESBL phenotype in susceptibility tests carried out in the presence of clavulanic acid; however, all strains tested negative in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay used to detect TEM, SHV, and CTX-M β-lactamase genes. After identification of the bacterial species as S. fonticola, full length blaFONA genes were amplified and the DNA sequences were determined. The blaFONA genes from all 5 strains were different from those p