https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Eloxatin.html 10 [95 %CI 1.46 - 3.01]). At 6 months EMS trainees still had better cannulation success vs. non-EMS controls (  = 0.045); no difference was observed after 1 year. EMS practice shortens the ERCP early learning curve of inexperienced surgical trainees, improves clinical success in selective biliary cannulation, and may reduce complications. EMS practice shortens the ERCP early learning curve of inexperienced surgical trainees, improves clinical success in selective biliary cannulation, and may reduce complications.BACKGROUND  The efficacy and safety of over-the-scope (OTS) clips in the colon is limited. This study aimed to evaluate OTS clip use in the colon in routine colonoscopy. Using administrative data from a large health insurance company, patients with OTS clip placement during colonoscopy were identified and analyzed by specific administrative codes. Indication for OTS clipping was analyzed, and follow-up was evaluated for surgical and repeat endoscopic interventions. In 505 patients, indications for OTS clips were iatrogenic perforations (n = 80; Group A), polypectomy (n = 315; Group B), colonic bleeding (n = 51; Group C), and various underlying diseases (n = 59; Group D). In 11 Group A patients (13.8 %), surgical interventions occurred, mostly within 24 hours after clipping (n = 9), predominantly overstitching (n = 8). OTS clipping during polypectomy (Group B) was for complications (e. g. bleeding in 27 %) or was applied prophylactically. Only five patients required early surgery, three of whom had colorectal cancer. In four Group C patients (7.8 %), surgical resections were performed (persistent bleeding n = 1, colorectal cancer n = 2), while six patients underwent early repeat colonoscopy for recurrent bleeding. During further follow-up (days 11-30), 17 patients underwent resection for colonic neoplasms (n = 12) or persistent bleeding (n = 4), but only one case could be directly traced back to local OTS cli