https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc6036.html S3 reduces the steps required for revisualization. To evaluate PVC.js, we conducted two experiments. The first experiment found that students using PVC solved a set of four programming tasks on average 1.7-times faster and with 19% more correct answers than those using SeeC. The second experiment found that PVC.js has a visualization performance equivalent to PT, and that PVC.js is more effective than existing general debugging tools for novices to understand programs in cases where the values of important variables change and the control flow is complicated. © 2020 The Authors.Children's needs in Botswana received considerable attention in the past three decades owing to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country. These decades of legal and policy practice processes focused on orphan and vulnerable children (OVC), ensured that the needs of the general population of Botswana children are grossly understudied, underestimated, and therefore, remain unaddressed. This study sought to determine the needs of the general population of children. Fifty-two visual arts, six semi-structured interviews, twenty-six in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted in two purposively selected sites with children, policy-makers, practitioners, community leaders and caregivers. The data were analyzed using deductive content analysis approach. Children expressed the need for basic, safety, love and belonging needs. Given some pockets of poverty that exists in Botswana, it is likely that children in the general population have needs similar to those of OVC. Therefore, child welfare program should also target children who are not considered OVC. © 2020 The Author.Guided by a model promoted by Biccard and Wessels (2011) and empirical evidence, this work aims to examine a model that includes meta-cognitive behaviour and mathematical modelling competency with the indirect effects of two performance goal sub-constructs, namely,