https://www.selleckchem.com/products/reparixin-repertaxin.html Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death globally. Smoking quantity, measured in cigarettes per day (CPD), is influenced both by the age of onset of regular smoking (AOS) and by genetic factors, including a strong effect of the non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism rs16969968. A previous study by Hartz et al. reported an interaction between these two factors, whereby rs16969968 risk allele carriers who started smoking earlier showed increased risk for heavy smoking compared to those who started later. This finding has yet to be replicated in a large, independent sample. We performed a preregistered, direct replication attempt of the rs16969968×AOS interaction on smoking quantity in 128,383 unrelated individuals from the UK Biobank, meta-analyzed across ancestry groups. We fit statistical association models mirroring the original publication as well as formal interaction tests on multiple phenotypic and analytical scales. We replicated the main effects of rs16969968 and AOS on CPthermore, many potential interaction effects are likely to depend on the scale of measurement employed. We failed to replicate the strong rs16969968×AOS interaction effect on smoking quantity previously reported. If such gene-moderator interactions influence complex traits, current biobanks lack the power to detect significant genome-wide associations given the minute effect sizes expected. Furthermore, are likely to depend on the scale of measurement employed. A growing body of research has identified factors related to loneliness among older adults. Fewer have investigated predictors of loneliness within married couples. This analysis investigates how spousal support and strain relate with loneliness within older couples (age 50+), and whether these associations are modified by functional limitation. The study focuses on Mexico, a country experiencing rapid aging occurring alongside historically limited