Analyses of emergent themes were interpreted using appropriate models and theoretical frameworks. RESULTS The Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) created and implemented a standardised, curriculated national programme for CHW education that structured theoretical and practical learning over time to ensure assimilation of content and its application in practice. CONCLUSION NC(V) Primary Health, as a single, national, quality-assured qualification for CHWs, meets WHO 2018 guidelines and recommendations, NDoH training needs and CHWs learning expectations, especially when offered part-time.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html  Despite the termination of the programme, it remains a relevant option for CHWs in South Africa and elsewhere.BACKGROUND Maps are important tools in healthcare delivery. In Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC), they are expected to be used to plan services and resources for defined geographical areas, delineate team practice areas, allocate healthcare workers to households and support service delivery and performance management. AIM This is a study of the use and value of maps and mapmaking in the delivery of healthcare services through Ward-Based Outreach Teams (WBOTs). SETTING This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 in Mamelodi (South Africa), an urban settlement selected to begin the City of Tshwane's WBOT implementation programme in 2013. METHODS This study is based on three qualitative participatory mapmaking projects with WBOT healthcare professionals and workers. Data generated through mapmaking, focused group discussions, individual semi-structured interviews, reflective writing and feedback workshops were analysed thematically. RESULTS Through mapmaking and discussions about the maps, healthcare providers took ownership of the maps they were creating or viewing, added their own information onto the maps, voiced issues about their practice, generated new knowledge and shared ideas and solutions for challenges. These processes expanded the use and value of maps beyond assisting participants to gain insights into the context, people and organisations of their places of work. CONCLUSION Maps become creative learning tools that can be used in emergent ways to solve healthcare service and other problems when they are actively generated and engaged through facilitated discussion and reflection. This allows WBOTs to see maps as dynamic canvasses that they can use to improve service delivery.BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent major public health challenge in South Africa. This article examines the social determinants and demographic factors associated with TB loss to follow-up through the lens of intersectionality. AIM The aim of this study was to describe and interpret the social determinants and demographic factors associated with TB patients lost to follow-up (LTFU). SETTING Mamelodi, an urban settlement in the South African District of Tshwane. METHODS AitaHealth™ is an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) mobile and web application that is used by community health workers. Data from patients with TB were extracted from the 64 319 households registered on AitaHealth™ over a 3-year period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare patients who were adherent to TB treatment and those LTFU. RESULTS Of the 184 351 individuals screened for TB, 788 reported that they were diagnosed with TB (an incidence of 427 cases per 100 000). Of the 704 eligible for inclusion in this analysis, 540 (77%) were on treatment and 164 (23%) were LTFU. The factors associated with LTFU were aged over 60, not having a South African identification document, migration and death in the household, and higher mean household income. CONCLUSION The results of this study serve as a reminder to clinicians of the importance of the three-stage assessment (biopsychosocial) in the approach to patients with TB. Understanding the intersection of social determinants and demographic factors helps clinicians and others identify and respond to the specificity of patient, health system and non-health policy issues at play in LTFU.BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health concern with raised blood pressure and glucose emerging as leading causes of death and disability. AIM This community-based demonstration project using community caregivers (CCGs) trained in screening for hypertension and diabetes aimed at improving early detection and linkage to care and management. SETTING The project was conducted in KwaZulu-Natal province. METHODS The CCGs were trained in NCD-related health education, promotion and screening for hypertension and diabetes using an accredited programme. The CCGs screened community members for hypertension and diabetes using three screening methods door-to-door visits, community campaigns and workplaces. RESULTS Twenty-five CCGs received the accredited NCD training. A total of 10 832 community members were screened for hypertension and 6481 had their blood glucose measured. Of those screened, 29.7% and 4.4%, respectively, had raised blood pressure (≥ 140/90 mmHg) and blood glucose (≥ 11.0 mmol/L) who required referral to a primary healthcare facility. More than one in five (21.0%, n = 1448), of those with no previous hypertension diagnosis, were found to have raised blood pressure at screening, representing newly detected cases. Less than a third (28.5%) of patients referred to the facilities for raised blood pressure actually presented themselves for a facility assessment, of which 71.8% had their hypertension diagnosis confirmed and were advised to continue, adjust or initiate treatment. Similarly, 29.1% of patients referred to the facilities for raised blood glucose presented themselves at the facility, of which 71.4% received a confirmatory diabetes diagnosis. CONCLUSION Community caregivers played an important role in early detection of raised blood pressure and raised blood glucose, and in referring patients to primary care.BACKGROUND Health professionals need to be both person- and community oriented to improve population health. For educators to create socially accountable physicians, they must move learners from understanding social accountability as an expectation to embracing and incorporating it as an aspect of professional identity that informs medical practice. AIM The aim of this article was to assess the degree to which medical students, preceptors and community mentors understand the concept of social accountability. SETTING The setting is the KwaZulu-Natal Province in Durban, South Africa. METHODS Using an observational design, we surveyed 332 participants, including the first- and sixth-year medical students, physician preceptors and community mentors. RESULTS Whilst most respondents understood social accountability as requiring an action or set of actions, it was defined by some as simply the awareness one must have about the needs of their patients, community or society at large. Some respondents defined social accountability as multi-dimensional, but these definitions were the exception, not the rule.