https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bai1.html Protein nitration also occurs by activation of myeloperoxidase and H2O2, promoting oxidation of nitrite (NO2 - ). There is increased nitrotyrosine and myeloperoxidase in the bronchi of COPD patients, particularly in severe disease. The decreased peroxynitrite inhibitory activity found in induced sputum of COPD patients correlates with pulmonary function. Markers of protein nitration - 3-nitrotyrosine, 3-bromotyrosine, and 3-chlorotyrosine - are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage of severe asthmatics. Targeting the oxidative, nitrosative stress and associated lung inflammation through the use of either denitration mechanisms or new drug delivery strategies for antioxidant administration could improve the treatment of these chronic disabling obstructive lung diseases.Significance The prevalence of chronic wounds is increasing worldwide. The most recent estimates suggest that up to 2% of the population in the industrialized countries are affected.1 Recent Advances During the past few decades, bacterial biofilms have been elucidated as one of the primary reasons why chronic wounds fail to heal.2,3 Critical Issues There is a lack of direct causation and evidence of the role that biofilms play in persistent wounds, which complicates research on new treatment options, since it is still unknown which factors dominate. For this reason, several different in vitro wound models have been created, that mimic the biofilm infections observed in chronic wounds and other chronic infections. These different models are, amongst other purposes, used to test a variety of wound care products. However, chronic wounds are highly complex, and several different factors must be taken into consideration along with the infection, including physiochemical and human-supplemented factors. Furthermore, the limitations of using in vitro models, such as the lack of a responsive immune system should always be given due consideration. Future direction