https://www.selleckchem.com/products/filanesib.html These cytokines are involved in the recruitment of innate and adaptive inflammatory cells, and/or stimulation of certain inflammatory responses, suggesting that these pathways could be disease drivers in adalimumab nonresponders. These initial results suggest HCC-4, calprotectin and fractalkine could be potential predictive biomarkers of adalimumab response in HS and identified possible tumour necrosis factor-independent disease pathways. These initial results suggest HCC-4, calprotectin and fractalkine could be potential predictive biomarkers of adalimumab response in HS and identified possible tumour necrosis factor-independent disease pathways.Psoriasis is an inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease that affects both adults and children. Increased understanding of its pathogenesis has led to the development of highly effective therapeutic solutions in the form of biological drugs for adult patients with severe forms of the disease. The unpredictability of the action of adult-approved drugs in pediatric populations limited their usage in these patients for several years. However, this scenario has been changing, particularly in the last decade, increasing our knowledge of the clinical efficacy and safety of these drugs in pediatric populations. The approval/extensions to approvals of several biological agents throughout the year 2020 makes it important to update the topic. Five biological agents (etanercept, adalimumab, ustekinumab, secukinumab, and ixekizumab) have been approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of psoriasis in pediatric populations, and three of them (etanercept, ustekinumab, and ixekizumab) were also approved by the US FDA for the same purpose. In total, 17 clinical trials of several distinct targeted therapies (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]-17 and IL-23, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors) are ongoing in pediatric patients and will certainly provide crucial data on