56, 1.31-1.87) and a lower risk of prostate cancer (0.93, 0.91-0.96); the associations with liver cancer were partially attenuated after excluding men diagnosed within 4.7 years from baseline. In postmenopausal women, free and total testosterone and SHBG were associated with risks of endometrial (HR per 10 pmol/L = 1.59, 1.32-1.90; HR per 0.5 nmol/L = 1.34, 1.18-1.52 and HR per 25 nmol/L = 0.78, 0.67-0.91, respectively) and breast cancer (1.32, 1.22-1.43; 1.24, 1.17-1.31 and 0.88, 0.83-0.94, respectively). We report a novel association of free testosterone with malignant melanoma in men, and confirm known associations between testosterone and risks for prostate, breast and endometrial cancers. The association with liver cancer in men may be attributable to reverse causation.The gastrointestinal microbiota was reported as an important factor for the response to cancer immunotherapy. Probiotics associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis and bacterial richness may affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy drugs. However, the clinical impact of probiotics on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. The outcomes of 294 patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who received antiprogrammed cell death-1 (PD-1) therapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy) at three medical centers in Japan were analyzed in our study. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to minimize the bias arising from the patients' backgrounds. The IPTW-adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves showed that progression-free survival (nonuse vs use hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval CI] = 1.73 [1.42-2.11], log-rank test P = .0229), but not overall survival (nonuse vs use HR [95%CI] = 1.40 [1.13-1.74], log-rank test P = .1835), was significantly longer in patients who received probiotics. Moreover, the IPTW-adjusted univariate analyses showed that nonuse or use of probiotics was significantly associated with disease control (nonuse vs use odds ratio [OR] [95%CI] = 0.51 [0.35-0.74], P = .0004) and overall response (nonuse vs use OR [95%CI] = 0.43 [0.29-0.63], P  less then  .0001). In this multicenter and retrospective study, probiotics use was associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who received anti-PD-1 monotherapy. The findings should be validated in a future prospective study.
  The purpose of this study was to measure gantry angle-related eddy currents in a 0.35-T MRI-Linac and determine if B
  (zeroth order) eddy currents are the primary cause of gantry angle-dependent imaging isocenter shifts vs other potential causes like B
  inhomogeneities and gradient (first order) eddy currents. For conventional Cartesian acquisitions, B
  eddy currents can cause imaging isocenter shifts along both phase encode and readout directions. Gradient eddy currents can cause spatial distortion along both the phase encode and readout directions. Center frequency offsets can cause imaging isocenter shifts along the readout direction that vary with readout gradient polarity.
 
  MRI-related eddy currents and imaging isocenter shifts were measured on a 0.35-T MRI-Linac at gantry angles from 0° to 330° in increments of 30
  . All measurements were made after gradient shimming and center frequency tuning at each planned gantry angle. Eddy current and field homogeneity measurements were conducted using a 24guide was replaced.
 Imaging isocenter shifts measured in a 0.35-T MRI-Linac were highly correlated with B0 eddy currents.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rvx-208.html  The eddy currents and imaging isocenter shifts decreased after the MRI-Linac's waveguide was replaced.
  To estimate the prevalence of baseline clinically significant distress (distress score ≥ 4) in head and neck cancer patients planned and treated with radical intent radiotherapy using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer (DT) and assess factors predictive of distress.
 
  Cross-sectional study.
 
  This was a cross-sectional study evaluating distress in 600 head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. The DT was used to screen patients for distress at baseline before radiotherapy.
 
  The median distress score of the entire cohort was 4 interquartile range (IQR) (IQR 3-5), and 340 patients (56.7%) had clinically significant distress. On univariate analysis, the causal factors predictive of distress were low socioeconomic status (P = .04), presence of proliferative growth at presentation (P = .008), site of the tumor (oral cavity, P = .02), comorbidity (P = .04), and presence of Ryle's tube or tracheostomy tube at baseline (P = .01). Low socioeconomic status was significant (P = .04) on multivariate analysis for high levels of distress.
 
  Among head and neck cancer patients, 56% of patients had clinically significant baseline distress, and patients with low socioeconomic status had high distress. There is a need for interventions to mitigate distress.
 
  4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
  A common dosimetric quality-assurance (QA) method in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of lung tumors is to use lung phantoms with radiochromic film. However, in most phantoms, the film moves with the tumor, leading to the blurring effect. This technical note presents the QA performance of a novel phantom in which the film is fixed; this phantom can be used for both patient-specific QA and end-to-end testing.
 
  Lung-tumor motion was simulated with the CIRS Model 008A phantom. A lung-equivalent insert that consisted of a fixed radiochromic film around which a 2-cm tumor moved in the inferior/superior direction (i.e. mimicking respiration-induced tumor motion) was generated by 3D printing. Two common SRBT plans [dynamic conformal arc (DCA) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)] were calculated on the average intensity projection (AIP) image set in Varian Eclipse using the dose-calculation algorithm Acuros XB. The plans were delivered by a Varian TrueBeam STx accelerator using 6-MV flattening fifield that dose calculations on AIP image sets account sufficiently for tumor motion during treatment. The phantom also performed well despite challenging breathing parameters (large tumor amplitude and slow breathing rate) and the application of a complex treatment technique (VMAT). This phantom could facilitate clinical and end-to-end film-based dosimetric QA for lung SBRT.