https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-1210477.html worry seemingly holds less value. Pleural and pericardial involvements are well recognized in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) but considered rare manifestations of the other forms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). What are the frequency and clinical characteristics of pleuritis and pericarditis in AAV? and Methods Using an institutional database of 1,830 patients with AAV, we analyzed clinical notes and diagnosis codes for key words related to pleuritis and pericarditis. Chart review to confirm these findings was performed. Eighty-eight of 1,058 patients (8.3%) with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 27 of 267 (10.1%) with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and 35 of 201 (17.4%) with EGPA had a manifestation of pleuritis and/or pericarditis attributable to vasculitis. There was a higher frequency of pericarditis in EGPA compared with that in the other AAVs (P< .0001). There was no difference in the frequency of pleuritis in GPA, MPA, or EGPA. In the 156 patients wiericarditis are underrecognized features of AAV. All forms of AAV should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with pleuritis or pericarditis. SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization during noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation may endanger health-care professionals. Various circuit setups have been described to reduce virus aerosolization. However, these setups may alter ventilator performance. What are the consequences of the various suggested circuit setups on ventilator efficacy during CPAP and noninvasive ventilation (NIV)? Eight circuit setups, evaluated in bench tests, consisted of a three-dimensional printed head and an artificial lung. Setups included a dual-limb circuit with an oronasal mask, a dual-limb circuit with a helmet interface, a single-limb circuit with a passive exhalation valve, three single-limb circuits with custom-made additional leaks, and t