https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pu-h71.html Herein the nucleic acid aptamers were attached to the polydeoxyadenylic acid (poly(dA)) tail for improving the tumor-targetability and cellular internalization of s-LNT/poly(dA) composite composed of two single chains of triple helical β-glucan lentinan (s-LNT) and one poly(dA) chain. The in vitro results demonstrate that the cellular uptake of s-LNT/poly(dA) composites in MCF-7 cancer cells was enhanced effectively after attaching the aptamer. The as-prepared fluorescin isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled LNT (LNT-FITC) through grafting was used for tracing the enhanced tumor-targetability of the composites. As a result, the cellular internalization of the LNT-FITC into MCF-7 and 4T1 cancer cells was further increased by the aptamer conjugated to poly(dA). Meanwhile, the in vivo experiments further demonstrate more s-LNT/poly(dA)-aptamer composites were effectively accumulated at the tumor site compared with s-LNT alone. This work provides a novel strategy for fabricating triplex β-glucan as delivery vectors with active tumor-targetability.In current study, CNFs produced by different mechanical methods, were used to improve the mechanical properties of recycled paper. The result showed the morphology of CNFs had great impact on reinforced effect and the length of fibrils determined their contribution in recycled paper strength. For different CNFs with similar diameter, the higher aspect ratio resulted in better reinforced effect. The CNFs produced by microfluidic homogenization and suitable PFI milling conditions (RM-CNF1) got best reinforced effect which improved tensile index and burst index by 35.5 % and 49.4 % at 5.0 wt% addition, respectively, due to their high aspect ratio. Although the CNFs produced by ball milling and ultrasonication (BU-CNF2) still had many bundles that were not fibrillated completely, their reinforced effect just below RM-CNF1 due to their special morphology and high retention rate. This work ai