In controls, the effect of betel quid chewing was significantly increased functional connectivity between the subcortical regions (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus), and the visual cortex (superior occipital gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus). Conclusion These findings show that individuals who chronically use betel quid have higher functional connectivity than controls of the orbitofrontal cortex, and inferior temporal and angular gyri. Acute effects of betel quid are to increase the functional connectivity of some visual cortical areas (which may relate to the acute symptoms) and the basal ganglia and thalamus. Copyright © 2020 Sariah, Guo, Zuo, Pu, Liu, Rolls, Xue, Liu and Huang.Background Depressive disorders are among the leading causes of sick leave and long-term work incapacity in most modern countries. Work related stress is described by patients as the most common context of depression. It is vital to know what types of treatments are effective in improving work related problems and occupational health. However, there is only limited evidence on work-focused interventions. Methods The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and generate first data on the effectiveness of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) adapted as a group program to focus on the work context (W-IPT). In total, 28 outpatients (22 women; M = 49.8 years old) with Major Depressive Disorder related to work stress were randomized to 8 weekly group sessions of W-IPT or to treatment as usual (TAU; guideline oriented treatment). Primary endpoint was the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-24) score. Key secondary endpoints were, among others, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Work Ability Index (WAI),sions A work-focused IPT program for the treatment of depression associated to work stress was feasible and highly acceptable. W-IPT turned out to be more effective than standard treatment in reducing depression and work-related problems. However, further evidence in a multicenter trial extending this pilot study is necessary. Copyright © 2020 Schramm, Mack, Thiel, Jenkner, Elsaesser and Fangmeier.Context Internet Use Disorder (IUD), characterized as the inability to control one's internet use, is emerging as an increasing societal concern as it is associated with reduced quality of life and mental health comorbidities. Evidence-based treatment options are, however, scarce due to the novelty of the diagnosis. Internet- and mobile-based interventions may be an effective means to deliver psychological treatment to individuals with IUD as they address individuals affected in their online setting. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed, guided internet- and mobile-based intervention for IUD. Methods In a two-armed randomized controlled trial (N = 130), individuals showing problematic internet use patterns (Internet Addiction Test ≥ 49) will be randomly allocated to the internet- and mobile-based intervention or a waiting control group. Assessments will take place at baseline, 7 weeks, 6- and 12 months after randomization. The primary outcome is internet addiction symptom severity (IAT) at 7 weeks. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and other psychosocial variables associated with IUD. Intervention The intervention consists of seven sessions Goal setting and motivational interviewing, impulse control, problem solving, cognitive restructuring, self-worth, relapse prevention, and a booster session. Participants are supported by an eCoach who provides individual feedback after completion of each session. Participants can choose between several elective sessions based on individual need. Conclusions This is the first study to evaluate an internet- and mobile-based intervention for IUD, which could be a promising first step to reduce individuals' disease burden. Trial Registration DRKS00015314. The study is currently ongoing. First participants were enrolled in the study on September 14th 2018.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bindarit.html  Recruitment will continue approximately through March 2020. Copyright © 2020 Saruhanjan, Zarski, Schaub and Ebert.Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a kind of attentional symptoms characterized by symptoms of slowness in behavior or in thinking. The aim of the present study was to develop a preliminary attention training program based on real-time eye-gaze feedback using an eye-tracker. A total of 38 participants with SCT were randomly assigned to one of following two conditions eye-feedback (N = 19; Mean Age = 21.21; range 18-26) or control (N = 19; Mean Age = 20.68; range 18-25). The participants in the eye-feedback condition received three repeated trainings on the modified version of the Posner's spatial cueing test; we also used real-time constant eye-gaze feedback designed to lead the participants to quickly and accurately engage and to disengage, with pre- and post- measurement of eye-movements (overt attention) and the revised attention network test (ANT-R; covert attention). The participants in the control condition received three repeated same trainings without any feedback, with pre- and post-measurement of eye-movements measure and ANT-R. The results revealed that the eye-feedback group showed a greater improvement in engaging and disengaging attention through the overt attention measure than the control group. The eye-feedback group also showed a greater increase only in the orienting network related to disengaging attention in the covert attention measure compared to the control group. These results suggested that the eye-feedback can be meaningfully used in attention training to enhance the efficiency of attention in clinical settings. Copyright © 2020 Kim, Lee and Lee.Objectives This double-blind pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial examined the possible effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 (LGG) on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), health-related quality of life (QoL), and serum levels of cytokines in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods This trial evaluated 32 drug-naive children and adolescents aged between four and 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD. The study subjects were randomly assigned to either the group that received LGG or the group that received the placebo. Assessments, comprising the ADHD Parent-Report Rating Scale-IV Home Version; the Child Self-Report and Parent Proxy-Report of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM (PedsQL TM ) 4.0 Generic Core Scale; the Parent Form (CBCL/6-18) and the Teacher Report Form (TRF) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 6-18 of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA); and the serum cytokines; were compared between the groups at the baseline and after 3 months.