Actually, he remains healthy.
 
  Our systematic review suggests that solitary gastric metastasis of RCC are scarce. In comparison of patients with multiple metastatic sites, the median survival of patients with solitary gastric metastasis is longer.
 Our systematic review suggests that solitary gastric metastasis of RCC are scarce. In comparison of patients with multiple metastatic sites, the median survival of patients with solitary gastric metastasis is longer.
  A central hepatic bisectionectomy (CHBS) for a hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is technically challenging because bilateral biliary reconstruction is required after resection. On the other hand, hepatic artery resection and reconstruction in a major liver resection are also technical procedures. In this report, we describe our radical CHBS with hepatic artery and biliary tracts reconstruction for a patient with nodular type intrahepatic hilar CCA.
 
  A 76-year-old man was referred for further investigation of an incidental hepatic tumor. The hepatic tumor was located from medial sector to anterior sector with encasement of the anterior branch of the right hepatic artery. Based on these findings, we performed a CHBS with right hepatic artery and biliary tracts reconstruction. The histopathological findings revealed that the tumor consisted of moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with tumor necrosis without a fibrous capsule. In this area, tumors cells had invaded branches of the hepatic vein; however, there was no destructive invasion to the hepatic artery. Consequently, he was diagnosed with a nodular type intrahepatic hilar CCA with pT2aN0M0.
 
  A CHBS is usually performed with the intent of anatomically preserving a patient's liver as much as possible. Concomitant resection and reconstruction of the hilar vessels and biliary tracts with CHBS is one of the most technically challenging procedures in liver resections.
 
  A CHBS with hepatic artery and biliary reconstruction may be a promising alternative if expert surgeons perform it on strictly selected patients.
 A CHBS with hepatic artery and biliary reconstruction may be a promising alternative if expert surgeons perform it on strictly selected patients.
  There are limited reports regarding renal paratransplant hernia (RPH), which is a rare type of internal hernia. Herein, we report a case of successful laparoscopic treatment of RPH.
 
  A kidney transplant recipient presented to our emergency department with a 6-h history of abdominal pain and vomiting. The patient had received a living-related donor kidney transplantation and native nephrectomy in our hospital last year. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed a diagnosis of RPH. We performed laparoscopic exploration, and the findings showed an incarcerated small bowel in the retroperitoneal space through a peritoneal defect. Short laparotomy was performed to resect the non-viable bowel. The peritoneal defect was opened adequately. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, with no complications.
 
  RPH is an uncommon variant of internal hernia, which is a rare surgical complication after kidney transplantation. Early diagnosis and treatment are important once RPH develops. Due to immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients, typical signs of peritonitis were not observed. This event can be critical to the patient.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lurbinectedin.html  Laparoscopic surgery has recently become a treatment option for small bowel obstructions. We believe that this surgical procedure is useful for patients with RPH.
 
  We report a case of RPH treated laparoscopically. This approach can be a treatment of choice for RPH.
 We report a case of RPH treated laparoscopically. This approach can be a treatment of choice for RPH.
  Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland neoplasm. The majority of cases occur in the major salivary glands; however, they can also originate from the minor salivary glands. The nasopharynx is an uncommon site, but it has been reported in the literature. The characteristic difference of our report from the literature is the young age of our patient and his previous unremarkable medical or surgical history. The objective of this report is to present a case of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma, discuss radiological and histopathological findings and treatment options.
 
  Herein we report a case of a 25-year-old male patient presenting with a long-term history of snoring, mouth breathing, and progressive left nasal obstruction. After examining the patient and confirming the diagnosis, patient successfully underwent tumor resection using a combined transnasal/transoral endoscopic approach with no complications following surgery and significant improvement of the previously reported symptoms.
 
  Pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands can occur anywhere throughout the distribution sites of these glands such as along the upper aerodigestive tract, parapharyngeal fat spaces, soft palate, the sinonasal, and nasopharyngeal areas.
 
  The occurrence of pleomorphic adenoma in uncommon sites has been reported in the literature, and the nasopharynx is considered to be one of these uncommon sites. The mainstay of treatment for nasopharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision as they can grow to giant sizes if left untreated.
 The occurrence of pleomorphic adenoma in uncommon sites has been reported in the literature, and the nasopharynx is considered to be one of these uncommon sites. The mainstay of treatment for nasopharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision as they can grow to giant sizes if left untreated.Restoring numbers and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is a novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders. Whether Treg function is boosted by adoptive cell transfer, pharmaceuticals, or immune modulators, the final result is a robust anti-inflammatory and neuronal sparing response. Herein, a newly developed lipid nanoparticle (LNP) containing mRNA encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Gm-csf mRNA) was developed to peripherally induce Tregs and used for treatment in preclinical Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Administration of Gm-csf mRNA to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice and rats overexpressing alpha-synuclein produced dose-dependent increases in plasma GM-CSF levels and peripheral CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg populations. This upregulation paralleled nigrostriatal neuroprotection, upregulated immunosuppression-associated mRNAs that led to the detection of a treatment-induced CD4+ T cell population, and decreased reactive microgliosis. The current findings strengthen prior works utilizing immune modulation by harnessing Gm-csf mRNA to augment adaptive immune function by employing a new delivery platform to treat PD and potentially other neurodegenerative disorders.