These hemodynamic factors and pathophysiological changes are related to characteristic morphometric changes in a complicated manner, based on the combination of selective atrophy and compensatory hypertrophy (atrophy-hypertrophy complex). These changes can be clearly depicted on CT and MR imaging.PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of blended learning using a combination of educational resources (flipped classroom and short videos) on medical students' (MSs) for radiology learning. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 353 MSs from 2015 to 2018 was prospectively evaluated. MSs were assigned to four groups (high, high-intermediate, low-intermediate, and low achievers) based on their results to a 20-MCQs performance evaluation referred to as the pretest. MSs had then free access to a self-paced course totalizing 61 videos based on abdominal imaging over a period of 3 months. Performance was evaluated using the change between posttest (the same 20 MCQs as pretest) and pretest results. Satisfaction was measured using a satisfaction survey with directed and spontaneous feedbacks. Engagement was graded according to audience retention and attendance on a web content management system. RESULTS Performance change between pre and posttest was significantly different between the four categories (ANOVA, P = 10-9) low pretest achievers demonstrated the highest improvement (mean ± SD, + 11.3 ± 22.8 points) while high pretest achievers showed a decrease in their posttest score (mean ± SD, - 3.6 ± 19 points). Directed feedback collected from 73.3% of participants showed a 99% of overall satisfaction. Spontaneous feedback showed that the concept of "pleasure in learning" was the most cited advantage, followed by "flexibility." Engagement increased over years and the number of views increased of 2.47-fold in 2 years. CONCLUSION Learning formats including new pedagogical concepts as blended learning, and current technologies allow improvement in medical student's performance, satisfaction, and engagement.This study is to explore the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pathological changes in cryptorchidism by using murine model of intraperitoneal cryptorchidism with surgical operation. To investigate the relationship between the changes of VEGF expression and heat stress inducing germ cell damage in testicular tissue. Six-week-old ICR male mice were operated to make unilateral cryptorchidism mouse model. Here in our study, a remarkable damaged of germ cells are seen in murine model of unilateral cryptorchidism.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd-5462.html  And the expression of VEGF was significantly changed in a time dependent way and consistent with the pathological changes of testis, this leading us to conclude that there was a negative correlation between VEGF levels and germ cell damage in unilateral cryptorchidism mouse model. We propose that there is a time dependent decrease of VEGF expression in cryptorchidism and confirm that VEGF is essential in spermatogenesis disorder caused by cryptorchidism and non-obstructive azoospermia.Bovine herpevsirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus that has been associated with different clinical conditions in cattle. In Argentina, BoHV-4 was detected in diverse bovine samples. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic relationship of 48 field BoHV-4 strains isolated from cattle in Argentina. According to thymidine kinase (tk) gene sequences, BoHV-4 isolates belong to genotypes 1, 2 and 3. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of the three previously described viral genotypes. However, some of the studied isolates presented conflicting phylogenetic signals between the studied markers. This suggests a complex evolutionary background, that is a history of recombination, incomplete lineage sorting (deep coalescence) or a combination of these, which requires further study. These potential events make difficult the diagnosis of BoHV-4 from clinical samples of cattle and may pose a significant problem for the control of the virus in the herds.BACKGROUND Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is released from kidney tubular cells under stress as well as from neutrophils during inflammation. It has been suggested as a biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients with sepsis. To evaluate clinical usefulness of urine NGAL (uNGAL), we post-hoc applied recently introduced statistical methods to a sub-cohort of septic patients from the prospective observational Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study. Accordingly, in 484 adult intensive care unit patients with sepsis by Sepsis-3 criteria, we calculated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for the first available uNGAL to assess discrimination for four outcomes AKI defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, severe (KDIGO 2-3) AKI, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) during the first 3 days of intensive care, and mortality at day 90. We constructed clinical prediction models for the outcomes and used risk assessment plots and decision curve analysis with predefined threshold probabilities to test whether adding uNGAL to the models improved reclassification or decision making in clinical practice. RESULTS Incidences of AKI, severe AKI, RRT, and mortality were 44.8% (217/484), 27.7% (134/484), 9.5% (46/484), and 28.1% (136/484). Corresponding AUCs for uNGAL were 0.690, 0.728, 0.769, and 0.600. Adding uNGAL to the clinical prediction models improved discrimination of AKI, severe AKI, and RRT. However, the net benefits for the new models were only 1.4% (severe AKI and RRT) to 2.5% (AKI), and the number of patients needed to be tested per one extra true-positive varied from 40 (AKI) to 74 (RRT) at the predefined threshold probabilities. CONCLUSIONS The results of the recommended new statistical methods do not support the use of uNGAL in critically ill septic patients to predict AKI or clinical outcomes.Small flexible force-sensing resistor (FSR) sensors can detect laryngeal excursion during swallowing, but the detected laryngeal excursion has not been correlated with videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) results. Here, we tested the correlation of temporal parameters between the laryngeal excursion recording by FSR sensor and the hyoid motion recording by VFSS under simultaneously swallowing test recordings. Swallowing measurements were recorded in a radiological suite by simultaneously using VFSS and FSR sensors to detect hyoid motion and laryngeal excursion, respectively. Volunteers sat with their head vertical to the Frankfort plane. Two FSR sensors, each for detecting thyroid cartilage excursion and thumb pressing, were placed. VFSS images and FSR sensor signals during single 5-mL barium liquid (30% wt/volume %) bolus swallowing were collected and analyzed for four swallows per participant. In total, 15 men (28.0 ± 4.1 years old); 14 women (28.4 ± 4.2 years old) were recruited. Temporal parameters between VFSS and noninvasive system demonstrated a strong correlation by Pearson's correlation analysis in men (R = 0.