INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging in closed-bore scanners sometimes provokes anxiety but closed-bore designs have gradually become wider and shorter. Open scanners may be easier to tolerate. The aim was to compare patient anxiety during MRI between bore diameters of 60 cm and 70 cm, and to determine the current level of patient anxiety and experience in open scanners in a clinical setrting. METHODS Consecutive patients referred for examination of the spine in 60 cm and 70 cm bores and one open scanner participated. Four established/validated questionnaires, answered before, directly after (N = 155) and one week after (N = 109) the MRI-examination were used, measuring anxiety, fear and depression. RESULTS No difference was found in the patient scores of anxiety between the 60 cm and the 70 cm scanners on the examination day. At follow-up, patients in the 70 cm bore rated their examination experience better (p  less then  0.025), compared to patients in the 60 cm bore. Patients in the open scanner rated higher levels of anxiety (p  less then  0.001) before, directly after and one week after the examination, compared to the closed bore scanners. CONCLUSION Scanners with a 70 cm diameter bore seem more tolerable than those with a 60 cm bore. Patients referred to the open scanner had on average a higher tendency to express anxiety. Still, patient anxiety in MRI is challenging and further research required. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Patients prefer to be examined in 70 cm bore scanners compared with 60 cm. If open scanners aren't available extended support may be necessary for the most anxious patients. INTRODUCTION Digital radiography (DR) poses the risk of unnoticed increases in patient dose, potentially resulting in the overexposure of paediatric patients.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mi-773-sar405838.html  In some jurisdictions, there is a shortfall in the knowledge and application of safe paediatric radiation dose protocols. In such instances, radiographers can lack an understanding of the relationship between exposure index (EI) and the visual appearances of image noise, thereby resulting in under- or overexposure to the paediatric patient. METHODS A quantitative, descriptive research study was conducted at six purposively selected diagnostic radiology departments in Gauteng, South Africa. The study was based on a 29-item questionnaire seeking to quantify the radiographers' knowledge of paediatric radiation dose protocols and whether their knowledge translated into safe radiation dose practice. RESULTS A 94% (61/65) response rate was achieved. Results show a low number of respondents (35, 57%) expressed a positive opinion of their knowledge of paediatric radiation dose protocols and EI; however, 41 (67%) participants were unaware of the function of EI. CONCLUSION The study revealed that, in Gauteng, there is an increased demand for further training in paediatric radiation dose protocols and a need for radiographers to improve awareness of exposure factors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Improving radiographers' lack of knowledge of paediatric radiation dose protocols in Gauteng is important. It is essential that radiographers receive continuous training and education highlighting the importance of justification and optimisation of radiological examinations. Conjoined twins are an exceptionally rare phenomenon caused by partial separation of an early embryo after the twelfth day of fertilization. In this article we are reporting a case of conjoined twins diagnosed in our department. During a examination in the XXI week of gestation, a 24 years old woman, with the presence of labial herpes simplex following an ultrasound examination was suspected of carrying conjoined twins. To confirm, we performed prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which proved the existence of cephalothoracoomphalopagus. INTRODUCTION Patients undergoing radiotherapy for pelvic cancers will often experience acute and late toxicity which can result in symptoms which have a significant impact on psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Having written information regarding these symptoms enables informed decision-making and ongoing support. Transgender and non-binary communities are a marginalised but steadily growing subsection of the radiotherapy patient population yet their needs differ from those of the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the relevance of the pelvic radiotherapy patient information booklets with regard to this communities. METHODS An online survey was distributed via social media to evaluate the perceptions of these communities of four commonly distributed pelvic radiotherapy information booklets. RESULTS There were 19 full responses and most participants expressed discomfort regarding being provided with (11/19) or picking up (10/19) the booklets. Although most (11/19) agreed that the material in the booklets was relevant, the same number felt that the wording was not. Some of the language and assumptions made regarding the transgender and non-binary communities were incorrect and had the potential to cause distress. CONCLUSION The importance of providing guidance and support to these communities was identified. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Further research is required to establish how best to provide inclusive patient information for transgender and non-binary individuals. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to explore the impact of incubator design (canopy, mattress, and mattress support) on neonatal imaging in terms of imaging technique, radiation dose and image quality. KEY FINDINGS A systematic literature review was performed by searching multiple healthcare databases. Following study selection and extraction, 7 articles were deemed eligible and included within the study. Of these 7 studies, six were experimental phantom based with the remaining one being a retrospective analysis. Four studies reported a percentage reduction in beam attenuation for incubator components ranging from 12% to 72% with one other study reporting a reduction but with no numerical data. This wide variation in radiation beam attenuation from the incubator components was correlated with image quality within five studies, two suggesting reduced image quality when using the incubator tray under the mattress support whilst the other three found no significant difference. Although the seven studies reported that incubator components reduced X-ray beam intensity, there was limited evidence on whether this required an increase in exposure factors.