Childhood cancer and its treatment puts survivors at risk of low working memory capacity. Working memory represents a core cognitive function, which is crucial in daily life and academic tasks. The aim of this functional MRI (fMRI) study was to examine the working memory network of survivors of childhood cancer without central nervous system (CNS) involvement and its relation to cognitive performance. Thirty survivors (aged 7-16 years, ≥ 1 year after cancer treatment) and 30 healthy controls performed a visuospatial working memory task during MRI, including a low- and a high-demand condition. Working memory performance was assessed using standardized tests outside the scanner. When cognitive demands increased, survivors performed worse than controls and showed evidence for slightly atypical working memory-related activation. The survivor group exhibited hyperactivation in the right-hemispheric superior parietal lobe (SPL) in the high- compared to the low-demand working memory condition, while maintaining their performance levels. Hyperactivation in the right SPL coincided with poorer working memory performance outside the scanner in survivors. Even in survivors of childhood cancer without CNS involvement, we find neural markers pointing toward late effects in the cerebral working memory network.AbbreviationsfMRI Functional magnetic resonance imaging; CNS Central nervous system; MNI Montreal Neurological Institute; SES Socioeconomic status; SPL Superior parietal lobe.Youth league administrators (N = 172) documented knowledge of/compliance with state concussion legislation, and were assigned to groups based on whether their state concussion legislation extended to non-school-affiliated (NSA) youth sport leagues EXTEND (50.6%) or NOT EXTEND (49.4%). Administrators within the EXTEND group were 2.7x more likely to report having a formal concussion policy. Only 90.7% confirmed a policy for removing concussed athletes from play, and 75% required independent medical clearance, and 82% mandated education for coaches, 49.1% for parents, and 35.9% for athletes. These results raise questions regarding compliance with state concussion legislation, especially for NSA youth sports leagues.A low-cost adsorbent (Detarium senegalense stem bark extract coated shale (DSMS)) comprising pristine shale (PSH) coated with D. senegalense stem bark extract was prepared and utilized for the adsorption of Cr(VI). The DSMS and PSH were characterized by the SEM, XRD, FTIR, EDX, TGA, and BET. The batch adsorption experiment results showed that DSMS exhibited an excellent ability to adsorb chromium with a maximum removal occurring at pH 2, dosage of 0.05 g and 180 min contact time. The adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order for DSMS and Elovich model for PSH which depicts chemisorption as the major mechanism responsible for the uptake of Cr(VI) onto the adsorbents. Langmuir model provided the best fit to the isotherm analysis on both materials. The maximum adsorption capacity of DSMS and PSH were 64.98 mg g-1 and 29.97 mg g-1 respectively. The thermodynamics revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) was feasible, endothermic and entropy driven. Furthermore, after five cycles of reuse, both DSMS and PSH demonstrated effective regeneration and reusability for Cr(VI) uptake. The structural properties, reusability, and high adsorption capabilities of DSMS indicate that they could be used as low-cost adsorbents in large-scale Cr(VI) wastewater treatment. Novelty statement Plant extracts are packed with a variety of polyphenolic compounds, such as aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylics, ethers, ketones, and phenols which contains several functionalities useful in the adsorption of toxic metals.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dmx-5084.html  Despite this, research on the use of plant extracts in the modification of adsorbent materials for enhanced adsorption is rare. This study reports for the first time the use of Detarium senegalense stem bark extract coated shale adsorbent for the efficient uptake of Cr(VI) ion.
  Lumbosacral spinal stenosis (LSS) is the narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal. LSS usually happens in older people who do not have the proper physical condition to undergo surgery. Therefore, minimally invasive methods such as Ozone therapy and epidural injection can be used in these patients.
 
  The objective this study was to compare the effect of caudal epidural steroid-hyaluronidase injection with paravertebral intramuscular Ozone injection on reducing pain in patients with LSS.
 
  A total of 30 patients suffering from LSS randomized to two groups. Group A (
   = 15) received three paravertebral intramuscular infiltrations of the Ozone, Group B (
   = 15) received a caudal epidural injection of steroid-hyaluronidase. The effects of the interventions were evaluated by measuring Visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability index (ODI), Quebec Back Pain Disability (QBPDS) and Roland Morris low back pain questionnaire (RMQ) before the interventions and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the interventions.rtebral Ozone injection, compared to caudal epidural steroid-hyaluronidase injection.The FAS phonemic fluency test is a commonly used neuropsychological test of executive function and processing speed. Although Norwegian discrete norms have been developed for the FAS test, American regression-based norms are frequently used by clinicians in Norway.However, language and cultural differences impact performance on the FAS test, and using foreign norms may not be appropriate. Moreover, while discrete norming relies on stratified subgroups of demographics, regression-based norming uses the entire sample to estimate the influence of demographics on performance and may thus improve normative estimates. Here we develop regression-based norms for the FAS phonemic fluency test based on n = 204 healthy Norwegian controls between the ages 40-84 from the Norwegian Dementia Disease Initiation cohort (DDI). We compare the proposed regression norms to published Norwegian discrete norms and American regression-based norms in an independent sample of n = 182 cognitively healthy adults reporting subjective cognitive decline (SCD).