https://www.selleckchem.com/products/stc-15.html obovata that the rhizosphere soil had higher bacterial diversity and richness than that in the bulk soil nearby. The rhizosphere soil of K. obovata at the low-tidal flat was enriched with the genera Nitrospira and Planctomycetes, which are valuable for the mangrove ecosystem. The Chao1 estimator and Shannon index of the bacterial community in the rhizoplane of K. obovata were much lower than that in the rhizosphere and bulk soils. Results of Biolog-Eco assay show that the bacterial groups in low tidal flat bulk soil had the highest ability in utilizing the carbon sources, which was indicated by the high values of average well color development and the high McIntosh index, and the utilization ability of carbon source decreased with the increase of tidal flat levels. The variation of the soil humidity and Eh jointly shaped the diversity and metabolic function of soil bacterial communities along the tidal flat elevation gradient. Sustainable development demands radical rethinking of national economies, now mainly based on a linear approach. The transition to a circular one requires crucial innovations and disruptive changes and, despite the interest about this topic, the circular economy is insufficiently implemented. This paper intents to demonstrate that circular economy is a manner of rearranging the economies on sustainable development economic, social and environmental requirements. The aim of this paper is to assess the readiness of the economies belonging to the European Union (EU) to migrate from the actual linear economy to a circular one through a methodology which incorporates economic, social and environmental factors and delivers a composite index. This index is based on a ready to use original unified framework, based on the three pillars of the sustainable development - economic, social and environmental, each founded on two relevant factors. The index is useful for the diagnosis of current situation and a