https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cct128930.html ic resonance spectroscopy values, or rate of change, predicted subsequent change in established measures of disease progression. Several associations were found but were inconsistent across known indicators of disease progression. Finally, longitudinal mixed-effects models revealed glutamine + glutamate to display a slow linear decrease over time in gene expansion carriers. Altogether, our findings show some evidence of reduced total n-acetylaspartate and total creatine as the disease progresses and cross-sectional associations between select metabolites, namely total creatine and myo-inositol, and markers of disease progression, potentially highlighting the proposed roles of neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction in disease pathogenesis. However, the absence of consistent group differences, inconsistency between baseline and follow-up, and lack of clear longitudinal change suggests that proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites have limited potential as Huntington's disease biomarkers.A prominent behavioral marker of inhibition in task switching is the "N-2 repetition cost" that denotes the decrement in performance in task sequences with an N-2 task repetition (ABA), relative to task sequences without an N-2 task repetition (CBA). Recently, it has been critized that N-2 repetition costs at least partially reflect interference between task episodes, rather than persisting inhibition, raising doubts about the interpretation of N-2 repetition costs as a measure of inhibition. Here, we aim to generalize these conclusions in two ways. First, we define episodic effects in task switching with respect to the last episode of the same task, which might have occurred several trials back (e.g., in trial N-2, N-3, etc.). Second, we distinguish between episodic interference caused by task-relevant and task-irrelevant features. We present a re-analysis of previously published data, and a new pre-registered experime