003) while association with serum sodium was not significant (p=0.07). 1 unit increase in chloride level was associated with 1.3% (p=0.003) decrease in hospital stay (95% CI 2.2% to 0.5%). This retrospective analysis suggests that admission serum chloride levels are independently and inversely associated with increased duration of stay. This is independent of admission sodium levels. Thus serum chloride, rather than sodium, is an important poor prognostic marker in heart failure patients. This retrospective analysis suggests that admission serum chloride levels are independently and inversely associated with increased duration of stay. This is independent of admission sodium levels. Thus serum chloride, rather than sodium, is an important poor prognostic marker in heart failure patients. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and measuring it in an apparently healthy population and correlating them with established risk parameters may identify predisposed individuals who may later develop diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. 405 participants from a rural area were investigated for various metabolic parameters and indices of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance indices were evaluated in the 3 different groups [Obese Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), Lean MetS and those without MetS]. Various anthropometric and metabolic parameters were compared. Lean MetS is defined as those having waist criteria below the region specific waist criteria and even then satisfying the definition of MetS as per the NCEP ATP-III criteria. The mean fasting insulin level was 7.69+4.38 uIU/ml in normal population, 10.40+5.65 uIU/ml in Lean MetS population and 13.71+6.63 uIU/ml in Obese MetS population (P<0.05). https://www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html The HOMA-IR2 measured was 2.39+ 1.69 in normal population, while in the Lean MetS and Obese Mets idering its little impact in influencing the level of insulin resistance. A patient with liver stiffness by Vibration controlled Transient elastography(TE) <20 kPa and a platelet count >150,000/mm3 does not require screening endoscopy according to Baveno VI consensus. The Baveno consensus statement on esophageal varices screening has not been validated in the South Asian population. TE may not be widely available in resource limited areas. We tried to see whether easily available parameters could be used to predict high risk varices(HRV). A cross-sectional study evaluating patients with liver stiffness >10 kPa who had endoscopy within 6 months of TE evaluation. 375 patients who underwent TE and upper GI endoscopy over one year were included. Commonest etiology was HBV(42 %) followed by Hepatitis C(39%), NAFLD(9.1%) and alcohol(9%). 262 of the 266 patients satisfying Baveno VI consensus criteria for avoiding screening endoscopy did not have HRV. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) was 96 %, 90 %, 74% and 99 % respectively and (AUC = 0.91). By using MELD 6 or MELD < 8 and platelet >150000/mm3 criteria, 67% endoscopies could have been circumvented. Using Baveno VI criteria, 70% endoscopies could have been circumvented. This study validates the Baveno VI consensus statement on esophageal variceal screening in cirrhosis, in a South Asian population. It also describes a new strategy using MELD 6 or MELD < 8 and platelet > 150000/mm3 in areas with limited resources where TE is not widely available. 150000/mm3 in areas with limited resources where TE is not widely available. The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a public health emergency of grave concern, warranted hospital admissions with almost 90,000 cases in June 2020 in city of Mumbai. 3-10% of the patients with moderate to severe involvement required intensive care unit (ICU) admission with respiratory support. Patients admitted in ICU with an acute COVID event present with respiratory dysfunction and are more likely to have critical illness myopathy and neuropathy (CIMN). Physiotherapy services being integral part of non-pharmacological management of any ICU was implemented for patients with COVID 19; a novel viral disease. This retrospective study was undertaken to explore the physiotherapy practices that could be implemented in patients admitted with COVID 19 in the ICU and its effect on mobility and oxygen requirement as an outcome. Following ethical permission of institute, the data was extracted from electronic data record sheet in which daily parameters for physiotherapy intervention were rh COVID-19 using appropriate measures of infection prevention and cross contamination.COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic of significance with potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elderly with or without following comorbidities i.e Diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, chronic respiratory illnesses, chronic liver disease, CKD, malignancy and immunocompromised hosts are at increased risk of developing complicated course. Hemodialysis population hence are at increased risk for contracting the infection due to patient characteristics, environmental characteristics and procedural lapses. The current study was aimed at describing prevalence and characteristics of COVID19 in hemodialysis population across different HD centers across Mumbai. We found a prevalence rate of COVID19 in 6.4%, with 9 patients (12%) died during the study period. A fair proportion of Non covid HD patients (1.5%) also died due to lack of access to dialysis. At baseline, mean age of presentation was 54.5 years. On routine test 80% were asymptomatic at presentation. Patients with COPD, requiring ICU care and those on ventilation faired poorly. Contrary to assumption patients with underlying cardiovascular disease didn't show poor outcome. Total of 4.1% health care workers turned positive during the study period with mean age of 31 years and median of 28years. Out of them 5 (45.4%) were symptomatic. All recovered from the illness without any sequelae. Seventy two percent of healthcare workers were on Hydroxy-chloroquine chemoprophylaxis didn't reach statistical significance in preventing the infection. In our study elderly age with comorbidities had poor prognosis. We proposed extra healthcare measures to be taken in the dialysis unit presuming all as COVID suspect in the resource limited settings.