The SFCT of POAG eyes was (244.41±83.18) μm, which was not significantly different from their unaffected fellow eyes [(254.28±88.92) μm, P>0.05] and controls (right eyes) [(272.98±55.87) μm, P>0.05]. Choroidal thickness at 2 000 μm nasal to the fovea was significantly decreased in the glaucomatous eyes compared with the unaffected fellow eyes [(167.84±70.44) vs. (188.84±89.06) μm, t=-3.55; P0.05). Conclusions The SFCT of affected eyes in patients with unilateral POAG has no significant difference from unaffected fellow eyes and healthy controls. However, the choroidal thickness at 2 000 μm nasal to the fovea is thinner in the POAG eyes as compared with the fellow eyes. A thinner SFCT is correlated with the loss of visual field and a higher spherical equivalent in myopia. This may suggest a contributing role of the perfusion of the choroid in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57 194-200).Demyelinating optic neuritis (DON) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which can lead to visual loss in young adults as a major factor. The key points concerned by neuro-ophthalmologists are to reduce the rate of recurrence and improve the prognosis in the course of diagnosis and treatment of DON. Companied with the deep research of diagnostic markers, different classifications and therapies, and evidence-based medicine, there are more and more clinical evidences for the development and standardization of evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. According to the routine procedures, the expert steering committee, the guideline development group, the external review expert group and the working group were established. The clinical concerns were collected directly from neuro-ophthalmologists, ophthalmologists of other subspecialties and neurologists. The guideline development group comprehensively searched and systematically evaluated the relevant research evidence at home and abroad, analyzed the preferences and values of patients, and organized the expert consensus meeting. Sixteen recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of DON were formulated, including classification and diagnosis, therapies in acute and chronic phases, and the follow-up management, which has important guiding significance for the improvement of clinical treatment and reduction of the recurrence rate. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57171-186).Primary glaucoma with cataract is a common eye disease in China, and surgery is the main treatment. With the continuous advance of medical technology, the choice of surgical methods is controversial, and there is still a lack of consensus with general guiding significance in China. In order to standardize the clinical treatment, Chinese Glaucoma Society has formulated this consensus after a serious discussion. This consensus is aiming at guiding clinical practice and putting forward instructive opinions on the operation methods, perioperative and follow-up management of different types and stages of primary glaucoma with cataract surgery indications. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57166-170).Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The Chinese Glaucoma Guidelines (2020) formulated important references and suggestions for the treatment of glaucoma, based on the basic national condition of China and considering the latest global progress. To fulfill their guiding effect on clinical work, publicity and promotion of the Guidelines should be intensified to prompt the communication and application. The ophthalmology specialists should pay attention to the quality assessment and reevaluation of the Guidelines regarding their reliability and applicability in clinical work, and promote the evidence-based practice of glaucoma. Continuous feedbacks from clinical practice would enable timely updates and improvement of the Guidelines, thus building a better evidence ecosystem and constantly optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma in China. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57161-165).Objective To investigate the effect of a novel laparoscopic W-H fundoplication in the treatment of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dependent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods The clinical data of PPI dependent GERD patients who underwent laparoscopic W-H fundoplication in PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from October 1st, 2018 to April 30th, 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The GERD symptom score, subjective symptom relief, PPI withdrawal, efficacy satisfaction and postoperative complications were followed up and analyzed by a questionnaire. Results A total of 80 GERD patients were included in this study, and 49 were male and 31 were female, with a median age of 58 years. Among all patients, 85% (68/80) are with esophagitis and 77.5% (62/80) with hiatal hernia. The operation time was 67 (52, 73) minutes, without intraoperative complications and conversion to laparotomy. The postoperative follow-up period was 16 (14, 18) months. The postoperative GERD symptom scores were significantly lower than those before surgery, with an statistical difference (all P less then 0.05). The subjective remission degree of the overall digestive and respiratory symptoms were 100 (90, 100)% and 100 (80, 100)%, respectively. During the follow-up period, the PPI discontinuation rate was 83% (69/80), and the satisfactory rate was 93% (75/80). Postoperative complications included dysphagia, flatulence, increased exhaust and diarrhea, and the incidence was 61% (49/80), 8% (6/80), 5% (4/80) and 4% (3/80), respectively, and 16% (13/80) of the patients had prolonged occasional mild dysphagia. There was no death, symptomatic recurrence or reoperation. Conclusions The novel W-H fundoplication has a good medium-term efficacy, with significant GERD symptom control rate and PPI discontinuation rate. The postoperative dysphagia is common, but it is self-limiting and does not affect the satisfaction of the surgical effect.Objective To uncover the role and mechanism of non-coding RNA-activated by DNA damage (NORAD) in proliferation and apoptosis of mouse mesangial cells induced by high glucose. Methods SV40-MES-13 cells were divided into high glucose group and low glucose group according to the concentration of glucose in the culture medium. After 24 hours of treatment, SV40-MES-13 cells were transfected with si-NORAD and si-Toll-like receptor (TLR4), and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of NORAD and TLR4. NORAD, TLR4 overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNA were transfected into SV40-MES-13 cells respectively.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html  Cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and flow cytometry were performed to determine the results of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Luciferase activity and their mRNA levels were detected after cotransfection of pGL3-NORAD WT and miR-520h mimics or pGL3-TLR4 WT and miR-520h mimics. After cotransfection of si-NORAD and miR-520h inhibitors, TLR4 overexpression plasmids and miR-520h mimics, and cotransfection of si-TLR4 and miR-520h inhibitors, the levels of NORAD, miR-520h and TLR4, as well as cell proliferation were detected to verify the regulatory relationship among them.