Humans have unique cognitive capacities that, compared with apes, are not only simply expressed as a higher level of general intelligence, but also as a quantitative difference in sociocognitive skills. Humans' closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), show key between-species differences in social cognition despite their close phylogenetic relatedness, with bonobos arguably showing greater similarities to humans. To better understand the evolution of these traits, we investigate the neurochemical mechanisms underlying sociocognitive skills by focusing on variation in genes encoding proteins with well-documented roles in mammalian social cognition the receptors for vasopressin (AVPR1A), oxytocin (OXTR), serotonin (HTR1A), and dopamine (DRD2). Although these genes have been well studied in humans, little is known about variation in these genes that may underlie differences in social behavior and cognition in apes. We comparatively analyzed sequence data for 33 bonobosssociation studies in apes, which can increase our understanding of the evolution of social cognition in modern humans.Present study aims to investigate interaction of molecular chaperons (heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90) with transcriptional factors (nuclear factor kappa B/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) to evaluate their role during metal induced stress in fish hepatocytes. Adult Puntius ticto were exposed to lead nitrate at 0 mg/l (control), 1/50th (0.04 mg/l) and 1/20th (0.12 mg/l) of LC50 for 30 days and sacrificed to collect liver tissues. Activity of selected liver enzymes, antioxidants and metallothionein were analyzed. Levels of heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, nuclear factor kappa B, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 were also measured. Liver enzymes showed a significant increase (p less then 0.05) in both Pb exposed groups indicating that the liver might be at risk of damage. Increased level of lipid peroxidation due to metal stress was marked by significant increase (p less then 0.05) in malondialdehyde lf stress-induced antioxidant protein remodelling. A positive correlation between nuclear factor kappa B/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 with gluthathione regulatory enzymes (gluthathione reductase and glutathione s-transferase) was noted. Current study effectively illuminates the critical role of different factors (heat shock proteins/nuclear factor kappa B/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) to influence the expression and synthesis of antioxidants and other functional enzymes in lead-exposed fish liver.Biodegradable films reinforced with bio-nanomaterials are a solution for developing active packaging systems, shelf-life extension and protection of environment against conventional packaging. This study aimed to characterize the biocompatible chitosan (CS) films formulated with nano-liposomal garlic essential oil (NLGEO) and assess the physicho-mechanical, morphology properties and also microbial and chemical changes in chicken fillets during storage time at 4 °C. NLGEO was obtained by thin-layer hydration-sonication method using glycerol and tween 80 as plasticizer and emulsifier, respectively. Different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) of NLGEO with average size of ~101 nm were added into the chitosan matrix and films fabricated by casting method. The average size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were ~101 nm, 0.127 and -7.23, respectively.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ldc203974-imt1b.html  Control samples showed higher values for pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and microbial count including total viable count (TVC), coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and psychrotroph bacteria than treated samples. The films with higher NLGEO content represented stronger inhibitory effects. The incorporation of NLGEO improved the mechanical properties and water resistance of active films. Microstructure analysis also showed a nearly smooth surface morphology and homogenous structure with a good dispersion for NLGEO films. Significant synergistic effects in chemical and bacterial preservation of chicken fillet samples were observed by NLGEO films. The optimal mechanical and barrier properties of chitosan-NLGEO films introduced it a potential active packaging to extend the shelf life of chicken fillet.Tissue engineering scaffolds made of biocompatible polymers are promising alternatives for nerve reparation. For this application, cell proliferation will be speeded up by electrostimulation, which required electrically-conductive materials. Here, a biomimicking scaffold with optimized conductivity was developed from electrospun polyacrylonitrile/electrically-conductive polyaniline (PAN/PANI) nanofibers doped with Ni nanoparticles. PAN/PANI/Ni was biocompatible for Schwann cells and exhibited a suitable tensile strength and wettability for cell proliferation. When compared with unmodified PAN/PANI, the electrical conductivity of PAN/PANI/Ni was 6.4 fold higher. Without electrostimulation, PAN/PANI and PAN/PANI/Ni exhibited similar Schwann cells' proliferation rates. Upon electrostimulation at 100 mV cm-1 for one hour per day over five days, PAN/PANI/Ni accelerated Schwann cells' proliferation 2.1 times compared to PAN/PANI. These results demonstrate the importance of expanding the electrical conductivity of the tissue engineering scaffold to ensure optimal electrostimulation of nerve cell growth. Additionally, this study describes a straightforward approach to modulate the electrical conductivity of polymeric materials via the addition of Ni nanoparticles that can be applied to different biomimicking scaffolds for nerve healing.The influence of NaCl concentration on microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of Q235 carbon steel by the halophilic archaeon Natronorubrum tibetense was investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. An increase in NaCl concentration from 0 g/mL to 0.1 g/mL promoted the anodic dissolution of carbon steel and accelerated its corrosion, but MIC did not occur. A further increase in NaCl concentration to 0.2 g/mL led to MIC in inoculated medium, and the occurrence of the MIC resulted in further aggravation of carbon steel corrosion. Once the NaCl concentration reached 0.3 g/mL, the high concentration of chloride ions greatly interfered with the adsorption of dissolved oxygen and the attachment of N. tibetense cells to the surface of carbon steel, thus reducing the corrosion rate of carbon steel and inhibiting the MIC.