https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Pancuronium-bromide(Pavulon).html Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using intrabullous autologous blood instillation has been reported in single cases where other techniques are not possible. We present the use of three-dimensional navigation to instill autologous blood into emphysematous bullae for BLVR. A 62-year-old man presented with increasing dyspnea, due to emphysema with a conglomerate of giant bullae with two particularly large bullae. Surgical treatment was refused, so bronchoscopic autologous blood instillation into the bronchial segment leading to the large bullae was attempted, but was unsuccessful; blood failed to penetrate into the bullous cavity. Dyspnea worsened over the following year. We therefore performed another bronchoscopy and punctured a large bulla with a needle and created a tunnel from the central airways. Puncture position and direction were determined using a prototype of an electromagnetic navigation system. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a catheter was placed via the tunnel into the bulla and blood was instilled. This resulted in an almost complete shrinkage of the bullae, reduction of residual volume, and marked improvement in dyspnea within 4 months. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful BLVR by navigated bronchoscopy with transbronchial puncture, dilatation, and autologous blood instillation into a giant bulla.The production traits of cattle, especially milk trait, are of great significance to human life. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with milk fat content was detected in the centromeric region of cattle chromosome 14. This QTL harbors a strong candidate gene called DGAT1 responsible for the milk quality. A non-conservative substitution of lysine by alanine (K232A) was found in DGAT1 gene producing a strong effect on milk composition and yield. The lysine (K allele) is associated with increased milk fat content, while the decreased milk fat content i