https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html Review ofRosenstock J, Perkovic V, Johansen, OE, et al. Effect of linagliptin vs placebo on major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular and renal risk the CARMELINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;32169-79.McGuire DK, Alexander JH, Johansen OE, et al. Linagliptin effects on heart failure and related outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular and renal risk in CARMELINA. Circulation. 2019;139351-361.These two papers describe the findings from the CARMELINA trial (Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study with Linagliptin) the first paper reported results for the primary cardiovascular composite outcome (cardiovascular [CV] death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], or nonfatal stroke; 3-point major adverse cardiovascular event [3P-MACE]) and the key secondary renal composite outcome (renal death, end-stage kidney disease, or sustained ≥40% decrease in eGFR from baseline); the second paper reported secondary analyses of hngs from the CARMELINA trial reaffirm treatment guidelines for choosing additional therapies for patients with T2DM at elevated CV and/or renal risk, and provide new information on the role of linagliptin in the management of T2DM.Purpose Hesperidin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant stress effects, but its functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. This study analyzed the role of hesperidin in COPD mice, aiming to provide a basis for the hesperidin application.Materials and methods Mice were injected with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to construct COPD models and then treated with budesonide or hesperidin. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and TUNEL assays were used to observe the pathological changes and cell death of lung tissue. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLAF), as wel