To investigate the expressions of fibrinogen (Fib) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12) in serum of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to analyze the correlation between the two and their relationship with clinicopathological features. Forty two children with NEC treated in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, China from 2016-2019 were selected as an observation group and 40 children who underwent physical examination at the same period as a control group. The expression levels of Fib and IL-12 in the serum of two groups were detected by ELISA. The correlation between Fib and IL-12 in the observation group and the correlation among the expressions of Fib, IL-12, the clinicopathological features and common examination indexes of the children with NEC were investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. The levels of Fib and IL-12 in the serum of the children in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group were ( <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of Fib and IL-12 in the serum of the children in observation group ( <0.05). The expression levels of Fib, IL-12 were not significantly correlated with sex and age of NEC children, but correlated with vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stool and bradycardia in NEC children ( <0.05). Fib and IL-12 were positively correlated with erythrocyte level ( <0.05) and negatively correlated with platelet level. The expressions of Fib and IL-12 in the serum of NEC children can objectively predict the severity of NEC. The expressions of Fib and IL-12 in the serum of NEC children can objectively predict the severity of NEC. This systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies aimed at evaluating the infertile women's attitude toward gestational surrogacy. Published studies until Jan 2019 were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Proquest and Google scholar, MagIran, SID and IranMedex. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pfi-2.html Studies in English or Persian language surveyed attitudes toward surrogacy for infertile women published until Jan 2019. Animal studies and studies with poor methodological quality were excluded from the review. Six eligible studies including 1359 infertile women were identified. Of these, 559 and 742 women agreed and disagreed with surrogacy respectively. The overall event rate of positive attitude for surrogacy in infertile women was %39.7 (%95 CI=24.5 to 57.1, P=0.245). The infertile women's attitude toward surrogacy is not strongly positive. We believe, more studies should be conducted among different socioeconomic, religious and cultural groups. The infertile women's attitude toward surrogacy is not strongly positive. We believe, more studies should be conducted among different socioeconomic, religious and cultural groups. It is of paramount importance to reduce the probability of clinical risks to improve the quality of health care services, make the relationship between service providers and patients more effective, enhance patient satisfaction, and decrease the rate of complaints regarding medical errors in hospitals. This study aimed at detecting potential and unacceptable risks occurring in the hospital ICUs. In this systematic review, all studies examining the risk assessment of ICUs in hospitals using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method were reviewed. Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus, SID, Magiran and Web of Science databases were searched to find relevant articles published from 1980 to 2019. The most frequent failures detected in the reviewed articles consisted of high risk of infection inwards for medical and nursing operations, high infection rates inwards for medical devices' operation within the unit, and early discharge. Moreover, the processes through which potential high-risk Failures were examined in these studies were injection or prescription process, suction process, the process of inserting or removing endotracheal tubes, the process of transferring patients from the operation room to the unit or vice versa, pressure ulcers, and processes related to the medical devices' operation. There are many possible reasons for failure occurring throughout these processes, and the failure modes occurring in these processes are more probable to cause serious damages to patients, have high repeatability with low probability of failure detection as the failures cannot be discovered by the personnel. There are many possible reasons for failure occurring throughout these processes, and the failure modes occurring in these processes are more probable to cause serious damages to patients, have high repeatability with low probability of failure detection as the failures cannot be discovered by the personnel. We aimed to examine the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids on the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). An extensive search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Central databases until the end of March 2020, using keywords related to corticosteroids, COVID-19, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The main outcome was considered to be the mortality rate, length of stay, virus clearance time, symptom improvement, and lung function improvement. The findings are presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Fifteen paper compromising 5 studies on COVID-19, 8 studies on SARS-CoV and 2 studies on MERS-CoV were included. One study was clinical trial and the rest were cohort. The analyses showed that corticosteroids were not reduce the mortality rate of COVID-19 (OR=1.08; 95% CI 0.34 to 3.50) and SARS-CoV (OR=0.77; 95% CI 0.34 to 1.3) patients, while they were associated with higher mortality rate of patients with MERS-CoV (OR = 2.52; 95% CI 1.41 to 4.50). Moreover, it appears that corticosteroids administration would not be effective in shortening viral clearance time, length of hospitalization, and duration of relief symptoms following viral severe acute respiratory infections. There is no evidences that corticosteroids are safe and effective on the treatment of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 disease is suspected. Therefore, corticosteroids prescription in COVID-19 patients should be avoided. There is no evidences that corticosteroids are safe and effective on the treatment of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 disease is suspected. Therefore, corticosteroids prescription in COVID-19 patients should be avoided.