54, 1.63, and 1.16% decrease in adsorption efficiency for Nd (III), Tb (III), and Dy (III), respectively, after the forth cycle. Additionally, the adsorption behavior of the CA/CMC/Ni0.2Zn0.2Fe2.6O4 towards Nd (III), Tb (III), and Dy (III) was studied by using a fixed-bed column technique. V.Effective management and the valorization of agro-industrial lignocellulosic feedstocks can only be realized if a versatile cellulase cocktail is developed that can release glucose at affordable cost irrespective of biomass type. In the present study the flexibility of using cellulase cocktail obtained from mutant UV-8 of Talaromyces verruculosus IIPC 324 in depolymerizing multiple agro-industrial lignocellulosic feedstocks was explored. Five different dilute acid pretreated biomasses were evaluated and cellulase loading was done at 25 mg protein/g cellulose content. After 72 h of hydrolysis at 55 °C and pH 4.5, corn cob and rice straw emerged as the easiest and toughest substrates with saccharification yield of 83.9 ± 1.17 and 35.5 ± 1.16% respectively from their cellulose fraction. Addition of PEG 6000 could retain >65% of all mono-component enzymes present in cellulase cocktail. Structural elucidation of biomasses gave an insight about key features responsible for variable recalcitrance in the different agro-industrial feedstock. Cellulose hydrolysis showed a significant negative correlation in the order of Cr I > S/G ratio > ash content. The chemical composition of lignin had a major impact on enzyme-lignin interactions. Higher H lignin content and lower S/G ratio promoted enzyme desorption, thereby increasing the likelihood of their recycling and reuse. V.Aiming to get a deeper and accurate understanding on separation of polyester/cotton blended fabrics in subcritical water, the hydrolysis mechanisms of cellulose and polyester were studied using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) method with and without explicit H2O under the conductor-like screening model (COSMO) set. The number and locations of explicit H2O were determined by their likely functions including being dissociation and solvent and catalyst. The calculations disclosed that explicit H2O provide inductive activation on glycosidic bond of cellulose and ester groups at the center of polyester and the assistance on the transfer of proton as proton-carrier and as catalyst of proton shuttle, affecting the reaction and activation energies in a realistic manner. In addition, the number of explicit H2O molecules functioning as catalyst of proton shuttle may also has a strong influence on catalytic activity. Based on the improved explicit solvation models, the overall activation energies of proposed hydrolysis mechanisms for cellulose and polyester are 14.81 and 21.46 kcal/mol respectively, which explains the preferential hydrolysis of cellulose from experimental results. It is of great clinical significance to design wound dressing materials with combined excellent wound healing properties and superior capability to suppress hypertrophic scar formation. This study aimed to examine if and how the cationicity of chitosan would affect the hypertrophic scar-related outcomes, through preparing carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels with different genipin concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively). An optimum window of chitosan cationicity (5% in our case) demonstrated potential to mitigate hypertrophic scar in wound healing by suppressing the expression of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and promoting secretion of type I matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1). In vivo, the CMCS-5% hydrogel again showed smaller, thinner and smoother wound appearance. Moreover, the CMCS-5% sample with additional incorporation of 2% (V/V) Aloe vera gel exhibited further improved performance in scar inhibition. Overall, such findings might have important implications in chitosan-based wound dressing design for high-quality wound repair and effective scar inhibition. Photodegradation behavior of riboflavin (RF) as photoinitiator and photosensitizer was investigated. When the visible light was irradiated to RF, the radical activation and decomposition of RF was induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that has formed by dissolved oxygen. One of its photoproducts, lumichrome (LC), was a reduced form of RF, which lost its color when photodegraded. Photodegradation mechanisms of RF and its photoproducts by light irradiation were investigated using structural quantitative analysis derived from UV-Vis spectra. It was found that RF provided photocrosslinking reaction to make alginate-based hydrogels. For this investigation, alginate derivative with tyramine moiety was prepared by EDC/NHS chemistry and it used to induce photocrosslinking, which might serve to reinforce the unstable ionic crosslinking in the physiological environment of alginate hydrogel.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cbr-470-1.html  The structural stability of single-crosslinked (ionically or covalently crosslinked) or dual-crosslinked (ionically and covalently crosslinked) alginate-based hydrogels were compared using rheometer, texture analyzer and SEM. Moniliophthora perniciosa is a basidiomycete responsible for the witches' broom disease in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Chitin synthase (CHS), chitinase (CHIT) and autophagy (ATG) genes have been associated to stress response preceding the formation of basidiocarp. An analysis of literature mining, interactomics and gene expression was developed to identify the main proteins related to development, cell wall organization and autophagy in M. perniciosa. TORC2 complex elements were identified and were involved in the response to the nutrient starvation during the fungus development stages preceding the basidiocarp formation. This complex interacted with target proteins related to cell wall synthesis and to polarization and cell division (FKS1, CHS, CDC42, ROM2). Autolysis and autophagy processes were associated to MpCHIT2, MpATG8 and to the TORC1 complex (TOR1 and KOG1), which is central in the upstream signalization of the stress response due to nutrient starvation and growth regulation. Other important elements that participate to steps preceding basidiocarp formation were also identified (KOG1, SSZ1, GDI1, FKS1, CCD10, CKS1, CDC42, RHO1, AVO1, BAG7). Similar gene expression patterns during fungus reproductive structure formation and when treated by rapamycin (a nutritional related-autophagy stress agent) were observed cell division related-genes were repressed while those related to autolysis/autophagy were overexpressed. V.