https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pqr309-bimiralisib.html Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) packaged mRNA vaccines have been deployed against infectious diseases such as COVID-19, yet their structural features remain unclear. Cholesterol, a major constituent within LNPs, contributes to their morphology that influences gene delivery. Herein, we examine the structure of LNPs containing cholesterol derivatives using electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane fluidity assays. LNPs formulated with C24 alkyl derivatives of cholesterol show a polymorphic shape and various degrees of multilamellarity and lipid partitioning, likely due to phase separation. The addition of methyl and ethyl groups to the C24 alkyl tail of the cholesterol backbone induces multilamellarity (>50% increase compared to cholesterol), while the addition of a double bond induces lipid partitioning (>90% increase compared to cholesterol). LNPs with multilamellar and faceted structures, as well as a lamellar lipid phase, showed higher gene transfection. Unraveling the structure of mRNA-LNPs can enable their rational design toward enhanced gene delivery.Surface modification using alginic acid and its salt, alginate (Alg), has attracted much attention owing to its potential applications in various fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, antiplatelet surface preparation, and energy-storage technologies. In these applications, efficient immobilization of Alg on the solid surface is required because the delamination of the surface-bound Alg eventually leads to a significant decrease in its function. Therefore, much effort has been made to introduce Alg onto solid surfaces in a stable manner. Despite recent advances, existing methods for immobilizing Alg on surfaces have some limitations (i) derivatization of Alg is typically also required and (ii) these methods only function under specific reaction conditions. Herein, we report a Zr(IV)-mediated strategy to immobilize Alg on