Malnutrition results from a decrease or increase or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients, leading to measurable negative effects on body tissue, body shape, organ function and clinical status. Research shows that nutritional support is one of the necessary processes for survival of traumatic patient hospitalized at surgical intensive care unit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of trauma patients hospitalized at surgical intensive care unit of Kowsar Hospital in Semnan, Iran. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on patients older than 18 years with head, neck and femur injuries. Initial data were collected using a checklist containing demographic information questions, designed from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education's Nutrition Screening Form, which was available in the Nutrition Assessment Forms and Guidelines for Hospitalized Patients Approved in 2013. The data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, paired t-test and Pearsof protein determined by the intensive care unit for trauma patients for less than 24 hours were lower than the required level; therefore, dietary modification for these patients is recommended.Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants have higher nutritional needs than term infants. Energy and protein are two important factors influencing their growth. Breastfeeding is not enough to meet VLBW infants' needs, for this reason, complementary protein is required by them. Hence, the present study aimed at investigation of renal function among VLBW infants receiving complementary proteins. The study was conducted on two groups of intervention and control (n= 18 in each group) (Case study VLBW infants born in Akbarabadi hospital of Tehran in 2014 2015). The intervention group includes 3-year-old children who weighting less than 1200 grams at birth and have received protein supplementation at the course of NICU hospitalization, protein was added to maternal milk when the amount of milk reaches to 100 cc/kg/day, at this time parenteral nutrition was discontinued and the volume of feeding was increased 20cc/kg/day until reached to 150-180cc/kg/day. We also added the fortifier to breast milk at this time. The fortict in renal function.Pain has been known as one of the major universal health concerns about ill children, because of its morbidity and potential mortality. Pain suitable evaluation is a challenge in children because the verbalization is difficult. Low clinical information, few pediatric researches, and the worry of opioid side effects make difficult to provide satisfactory treatments. Many pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies to manage pain exist for pediatric pain treatment. The purpose of this review article is to describe exhaustively pain mechanism, evaluation and management by review literature from January 2000 to January 2019 using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS databases. Pharmacological and integrative non-pharmacological therapies has been indicated in acute and chronic pain treatment. Opioids and opioid-sparing agents target nociceptive and neuropathic pain. With due attention to available results, an early combination of pharmacological and integrative non pharmacological treatments are indicated in children pain management.An eleven-year-old Doberman-German Shepherd mixed bitch was presented with vulvar enlargement, vaginal discharge, and bleeding for two months and a week before, respectively. The dog was operated for routine ovariohysterectomy. During the surgery, a liquid-filled sac was observed on the ventrolateral border of the right uterine horn.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/DMXAA(ASA404).html  The sac was ligated and excised. The uterine horns and ovaries were stained for histopathological evaluation. Granulosa cell tumor (GCT), adenomyosis (CUA), endometrial cystic hyperplasia (CEH), and uterine serosal inclusion cyst (USC) were diagnosed through histopathology assessment. Following up, 12 weeks after surgery revealed that the patient was in good condition with a good appetite and without any vaginal discharge. It seems the initial problem of the present bitch and the main cause of clinical signs was GCT. Probably, other abnormal conditions including CUA, CEH, and USC occurred as a result of hormonal disturbance associated with GCT. This report described the concurrent occurrence of GCT, CUA, CEH, and USC in a bitch as it has not been reported before.Various species of Trypanosoma parasites are known to infect several wild and domestic animals worldwide. A 7-year-old Holstein cow from Baneh, Kurdistan province, was examined by a private veterinarian due to anorexia and depression. Physical examination revealed fever, enlarged subscapular lymph node, and pale mucosa. Blood samples were taken for hemato-logical, parasitological, and PCR examination. The large Trypanosoma spp. was microscopically observed in a stained blood smear. Decreased red blood cells (RBCs) count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration were observed through complete blood cell count. Nucleated RBCs were also found in this case. Species-specific PCR assay confirmed T. theileri infection. Treatment was performed subcutaneously with diminazene aceturate. The clinical signs were improved after two days. Two-month follow-up showed no recurrence. In conclusion, T. theileri is characterized by anemia and pyrexia in a cow. To our knowledge, the present case report describes the first molecular evidence of T. theileri in Kurdistan, West of Iran.Iran is one of the endemic areas of Dirofilariasis, and also one of the most important zoonotic infections. Dirofilaria immitis causes a severe and fatal disease called heartworm disease in dog. It also produces pulmonary nodules in humans. The worm is to be investigated as a potential infection of humans and animals in various provinces in Iran. In this research, the samples were studied with modified Knott's test and molecular method. The results of the modified Knott's test method indicated that 14.00% of sheepdogs were infected with filarial microfiler. The microfilers were characterized with basic morphological features, the length of the infective larva and tail ending. There was an estimated prevalence of 4.45% for Dirofilaria immitis and 9.55% for Acanthocheilonema reconditum microfiler. To verify the differential diagnosis, molecular method was performed using PCR with Dirofilaria specific primers for amplification of ITS2 locus. Gene locus sequencing results of D.immitis and sequence alignment recorded in GeneBank showed 97.