https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ag-221-enasidenib.html Chromatin architecture plays major roles in gene regulation as well as in the repair of DNA damaged by endogenous or exogenous factors, such as after radiation. Opening up the chromatin might provide the necessary accessibility for the recruitment and binding of repair factors, thus facilitating timely and correct repair. The observed formation of ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) of factors, such as 53BP1, upon induction of DNA double-strand breaks have been recently linked to local chromatin decompaction. Using correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) in combination with DNA-specific contrasting for transmission electron microscopy or tomography, we are able to show that at the ultrastructural level, these DNA damage domains reveal a chromatin compaction and organization not distinguishable from regular euchromatin upon irradiation with carbon or iron ions. Low Density Areas (LDAs) at sites of particle-induced DNA damage, as observed after unspecific uranyl acetate (UA)-staining, are thus unlikely to represent pure chromatin decompaction. RNA-specific terbium-citrate (Tb) staining suggests rather a reduced RNA density contributing to the LDA phenotype. Our observations are discussed in the view of liquid-like phase separation as one of the mechanisms of regulating DNA repair.This paper presents a conceptual framework for the optimization of environmental sustainability in engineering projects, both for products and industrial facilities or processes. The main objective of this work is to propose a conceptual framework to help researchers to approach optimization under the criteria of sustainability of engineering projects, making use of current Machine Learning techniques. For the development of this conceptual framework, a bibliographic search has been carried out on the Web of Science. From the selected documents and through a hermeneutic procedure the texts have been analyzed and the conce