Epidemiological models with the identical basic reproduction number R 0 may behave differently on both short time scale and long time scale. In this paper, we compare the predicted final sizes for several deterministic epidemic models and estimate the probabilities of a minor/major outbreak for continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) models, all epidemic models have the identical R 0 . It is proved that the final size predicted by the epidemic model with homogeneous mixing is larger than with heterogeneous mixing. For CTMC models with heterogeneous mixing, the probabilities of a minor outbreak initiated by superspreaders and non-superspreaders are calculated and compared. For both deterministic modelling and stochastic modelling, numerical simulations are performed to support the mathematical analysis.The aim was to study mothers' experiences of online peer support groups after the death of a child. Participants (N = 8) were recruited through a newsletter for the Swedish association for families/children with heart defects, and two closed support groups on Facebook (900 and 100 members) and interviewed by telephone. Transcripts were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The groups were available around the clock, regardless of support need, and mothers joined both to receive and provide support. Participation in online peer support groups may provide a sense of belonging to a caring community and serve as a valuable complement to healthcare.Racial disparities in conviction and incarceration have been lamentable features of legal systems for a long time.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html  Research has addressed the attitudes and decisions of police, prosecutors, jurors, and judges in contributing to these disparities, but very little attention has been paid to defendants' own team members-i.e., criminal defense attorneys. Researchers have specifically identified this as a "scholarly gap". To address this, we conducted an empirical study of criminal defense attorneys practicing in forty-three U.S. states (N = 327). The attorneys completed both an implicit measure designed to capture racial bias (a race Implicit Association Test) and an explicit measure designed to capture interpersonal regard for clients. The results provided support for longstanding, but previously speculative, assertions of bias in criminal defense.Background Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects up to 15% of women in the United States. The endocannabinoid system is a potential pharmacological target for pelvic pain as cannabinoid receptors are highly expressed in the uterus and other nonreproductive tissues. We hypothesize that cannabis use is common for self-management of CPP, and our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of cannabis use in this population. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey of women with pelvic and perineal pain, dyspareunia, or endometriosis was performed between March and August 2019. Subjects were recruited in an outpatient gynecology office. An anonymous, confidential, electronic survey was performed using a tablet. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP (SAS, Cary, NC). Results A total of 240 patients were approached, with 113 responses (47.1% response rate). There were 26 patients who used cannabis (23%). The majority used at least once per week (n = 18, 72%). Most users (n = 24, 96%) reported improvement in symptoms, including pain, cramping, muscle spasms, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, libido, and irritability. Over one-third (35%) stated that cannabis use decreased the number of phone calls or messages sent to their provider, and 39% reported decreased number of clinical visits. Side effects, including dry mouth, sleepiness, and feeling "high," were reported by 84% (n = 21). Conclusions Almost one-quarter of patients with CPP report regular use of cannabis as an adjunct to their prescribed therapy. Although side effects are common, most users report improvement in symptoms. Our study highlights the potential of cannabis as a therapeutic option for patients with CPP.Little is known about young people's experiences accessing healthcare for unintended pregnancy in the USA. To address this gap, we conducted in-depth interviews with 25 young people in California who had experienced at least one unintended pregnancy at or before 25 years of age. Participants were asked about their interactions with healthcare providers during the pregnancy, their thoughts on the determinants of their perceived quality of care, and the ways in which their healthcare experience could have been improved. Thematic analysis was used to organise information within and across interview transcripts. Two important determinants of participants' satisfaction with their healthcare experience were identified during analysis (1) receiving comprehensive information about their pregnancy options and what to expect from each, and (2) having an empathetic, non-judgemental provider. Regarding abortion, participants described an unmet need for accurate information and frequent stigmatising experiences with dismissive and judgemental care providers. These findings highlight the importance of providing comprehensive, non-judgemental pregnancy options counselling to all pregnant people, regardless of age and desired pregnancy outcome; and reinforce the need for providers to consider ways in which their own bias may influence the quality of care they provide.Cancer-related fatigue - Process evaluation of a seminar of the University Medicine Greifswald Abstract.Background Fatigue is the most common and stressful symptom in cancer patients and their relatives. The patient information center (PIZ) of the University Medicine Greifswald enables patients to learn how to deal with fatigue and to understand their disease. The fatigue seminar is well accepted by seminar participants, but it is rarely taken up by patients. Aim The primary objective of this observational study was to find out how well-known this seminar is, whether it is recommended to patients and what the reasons for missing referrals are.
  Medical and nursing staff of all 13 wards of the Oncology Centre was surveyed by means of a self-developed questionnaire. The questions were analyzed on a single item level. Descriptive statistics and measures of correlation were determined.
 
  The fatigue seminar of the PIZ is hardly known to the n = 115 respondents and / or is not always recommended to those affected.