Indeed, an acute protein load is associated with an increased Na+ reabsorption and an increase in GFR. Here we hypothesize that high protein diets, by increasing Na+ reabsorption and GFR, may offset the positive renal effects of SGLT2i. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Cyanines comprising either a benzo[e]- or benzo[c,d]indolium core facilitate initiation of radical photopolymerization combined with high power NIR-LED prototypes emitting at 805 nm, 860 nm, or 870 nm, while different oxime esters function as radical coinitiators. Radical photopolymerization followed an initiation mechanism based on the participation of excited states, requiring additional thermal energy to overcome an existing intrinsic activation barrier. Heat released by nonradiative deactivation of the sensitizer favored the system, even under conditions where a thermally activated photoinduced electron transfer controls the reaction protocol. The heat generated internally by the NIR sensitizer promotes generation of the initiating reactive radicals. Sensitizers with a barbiturate group at the meso-position preferred to bleach directly, while sensitizers carrying a cyclopentene moiety unexpectedly initiated the photosensitized mechanism. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.Cumulene compounds are notoriously difficult to prepare and study due to dramatically increasing reactivity with increasing number of consecutive double bonds. In this respect, the emerging field of on-surface synthesis provides exceptional opportunities because it relies on reactions on clean metal substrates under well-controlled ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Here we report the on-surface synthesis of a polymer linked by cumulene-like bonds on a Au(111) surface via sequential thermally activated dehalogenative C-C coupling of a tribenzo-azulene precursor equipped with two dibromomethylenes. The structure and electronic properties of the resulting polymer with cumulene-like pentagon-pentagon and heptagon-heptagon connections have been investigated by means of scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy methods and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, complemented by density functional theory calculations. Our results provide perspectives for the on-surface synthesis of compounds containing cumulene-like bonds, as well as protocols relevant to the stepwise fabrication of carbon-carbon bonds on surfaces. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) offers considerable promise for monitoring metabolic alterations associated with disease or injury; however, to date, these methods have not had a significant impact on clinical care, and their use remains largely confined to the research community and a limited number of clinical sites. The MRSI methods currently implemented on clinical MRI instruments have remained essentially unchanged for two decades, with only incremental improvements in sequence implementation. During this time, a number of technological developments have taken place that have already greatly benefited the quality of MRSI measurements within the research community and which promise to bring advanced MRSI studies to the point where the technique becomes a true imaging modality, while making the traditional review of individual spectra a secondary requirement. Furthermore, the increasing use of biomedical MR spectroscopy studies has indicated clinical areas where advanced MRSI methods can provide valuable information for clinical care. In light of this rapidly changing technological environment and growing understanding of the value of MRSI studies for biomedical studies, this article presents a consensus from a group of experts in the field that reviews the state-of-the-art for clinical proton MRSI studies of the human brain, recommends minimal standards for further development of vendor-provided MRSI implementations, and identifies areas which need further technical development. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.INTRODUCTION Onabotulinumtoxin type A (BoNTA) is manufactured as powder that requires reconstitution with normal saline prior to injection. Previous literature has suggested that preserved saline (PS) exerts a local anesthetic effect, and reduces the procedure discomfort when used in reconstitution in lieu of preservative-free saline (PFS). However, this was mainly studied in the aesthetics indications of BoNTA, and never in its use for the treatment of chronic migraine. The distinction is important as the population of patients with chronic migraine suffers high incidence of scalp allodynia which makes it more prone to injection site pain. In addition, the pain of the procedure itself may be related to the spike of migraine frequency in the immediate post- procedural period which can occur in up to 5% of patients receiving the treatment. Our trial aimed to study the difference in procedural pain scale, and post-procedural headache rating with the use of PS vs PFS in constitution of BoNTA when used as a treatreatment for chronic migraine. 2. Both preserved, and preservative-free saline are used interchangeably in clinical practice for Onabotuliniumtoxin A reconstitution.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/otx015.html  What does this article add? 1. Procedure pain during Onabotulinumtoxin A injection depends on the used solutions in reconstitution. 2. Preserved (bacteriostatic) saline allows for less painful injections compared to preservative-free saline in chronic migraine cohort. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Water transport rate in network membranes is inversely correlated to thickness, thus superior permeance is achievable with ultrathin membranes prepared by complicated methods circumventing nanofilm weakness and defects. Conferring ultrahigh permeance to easily prepared thicker membranes remains challenging. Here, a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) monomer is discovered that enables straightforward modification of polyamide composite membranes. Water permeance of the modified membrane is ≈6 times improved, give rising to permeability (permeance × thickness) one magnitude higher than state-of-the-art polymer nanofiltration membranes. Meanwhile, the membrane exhibits good rejection (RNa2SO4 = 98%) and antibacterial properties under crossflow conditions. THPC modification not only improves membrane hydrophilicity, but also creates additional angstrom-scale channels in polyamide membranes for unimpeded transport of water. This unique mechanism provides a paradigm shift in facile preparation of ultrapermeable membranes with unreduced thickness for clean water and desalination.