https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipa-3.html Surgical, patient, and anesthetic factors may all lead to the occurrence and development of POCD. The key mechanism of POCD may be the inflammatory response of the central nervous system during surgery, which is similar to that of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Enriched environment (EE), a factor that can significantly improve and prevent neurodegenerative diseases, may have a beneficial effect on POCD. Key Messages This review aims to elucidate the mechanism of the occurrence and development of POCD, analyze the possible influence of EE on POCD at the molecular level, and provide a direction for its treatment. Demoralization is quite prevalent in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Unrecognized or untreated, demoralization may progress, at times, to demands for euthanasia and the desire for suicide. Typically, patients with PD do not complain of being "demoralized"; rather, they report disruptions in the quality of their lives. Hence, early identification of disruptions in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) specifically associated with demoralization may prompt earlier recognition and treatment. Published data on such associations, however, could not be found. Alleviation of demoralization in PD is likely to improve treatment outcomes. This research aimed at identifying the disruptions of HRQoL specifically associated with the demoralization of patients with PD. Consecutive general hospital outpatients with PD (n = 95) were assessed for demoralization, with the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research Demoralization Scale (DCPR-D) and the Demoralization Scale (DS); depression, with the Patient Heaand desire for suicide. Pattern recognition receptors are involved in innate and adaptive immunity by detecting microbial components. Bacteria have been accused to play a role in inflammatory acne. We investigated the potential involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, TLR6, and CD14 in the direct influence of ba