Periodic nanostructures: preparing, attributes along with applications.
  We provide practical solutions to describe localized motions with a few low-frequency modes and to relax some geometrical constraints along the predicted transitions. This work opens the way to the systematic description of protein motions, whatever their degree of collectivity. Our method is freely available as a part of the NOn-Linear rigid Block (NOLB) package. Patients lacking PYCR2, a mitochondrial enzyme that synthesizes proline, display postnatal degenerative microcephaly with hypomyelination. Here we report the crystal structure of the PYCR2 apo-enzyme and show that a novel germline p.Gly249Val mutation lies at the dimer interface and lowers its enzymatic activity. We find that knocking out Pycr2 in mice phenocopies the human disorder and depletes PYCR1 levels in neural lineages. In situ quantification of neurotransmitters in the brains of PYCR2 mutant mice and patients revealed a signature of encephalopathy driven by excessive cerebral glycine. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that loss of PYCR2 upregulates SHMT2, which is responsible for glycine synthesis. This hyperglycemia could be partially reversed by SHMT2 knockdown, which rescued the axonal beading and neurite lengths of cultured Pycr2 knockout neurons. Our findings identify the glycine metabolic pathway as a possible intervention point to alleviate the neurological symptoms of PYCR2-mutant patients. In China, the doubling time of the coronavirus disease epidemic by province increased during January 20-February 9, 2020. Doubling time estimates ranged from 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-2.0) days for Hunan Province to 3.1 (95% CI 2.1-4.8) days for Xinjiang Province.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclopamine.html  The estimate for Hubei Province was 2.5 (95% CI 2.4-2.6) days.A new species of Volvariella, collected from Aydın Province on the coast of the Aegean Sea in southwestern Turkey, is described as Volvariella turcica, sp. nov., based on morphology and multigene molecular analysis of three nuc rDNA gene regions internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), 28S, and 18S. The new species was found in forests dominated by Pinus brutia and Quercus coccifera and mainly characterized by small basidiomata with a white pileus covered with pale ochre center and an ochre-discoloring volva, small basidiospores, lageniform pleurocystidia, balloon-shaped to clavate cheilocystidia, and stipitipellis hairs that are cylindrical or cylindrical-tortuous with subcapitate or lobe-like projections. A comprehensive description, illustrations, and line drawings are provided, and comparison with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species is discussed.INTRODUCTION In order to expand the availability of cystoscopy to underserved areas we have proposed utilizing advanced practice providers (APPs) to perform cystoscopy with real-time interpretation by the urologist on a telemedicine platform, termed "tele-cystoscopy". The purpose of this study is to have blinded external reviewers retrospectively compare multi-site, prospectively collected video data from tele-cystoscopy with the video of traditional cystoscopy in terms of video clarity, practitioner proficiency and diagnostic capability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each patient underwent tele-cystoscopy by a trained APP and traditional cystoscopy with an onsite urologist. Prospectively collected tele-cystoscopy transmitted video, tele-cystoscopy onsite video, and traditional cystoscopy video were de-identified and blinded to external reviewers. Each video was evaluated and rated twice by independent reviewers, and diagnostic agreement was quantified. RESULTS Six tele-cystoscopy encounters were reviewed for a total of 36 assessments. Video clarity, defined by speed of transmission and image resolution, was better for onsite compared to transmitted tele-cystoscopy. Practitioner proficiency for thoroughness of inspection was rated at 92% for tele-cystoscopy and 100% for traditional cystoscopy. Confidence in identification of an abnormality was equivalent. Four of six videos had 100% agreement between reviewers for next action taken, indicating high diagnostic agreement. Additionally, provider performing the cystoscopy and location did not statistically influence the ability to make a diagnosis or action taken. CONCLUSIONS This model has excellent completeness of exam, equivalent ability to identify abnormalities and external validation of action taken. This pilot study demonstrates that tele-cystoscopy may expand access to bladder cancer surveillance.PURPOSE Electronic patient portals can be beneficial in providing direct engagement and clarity to avoid unnecessary extra provider encounters. This study assessed whether portal usage among endourology patients affected telephone call frequency, unscheduled physician visits, Emergency Department (ED) presentations and complication rates. METHODS Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing elective endourology procedures by a single surgeon at a tertiary Urology center from July 2017-July 2018. Patient demographics, operative details, patient portal (MyChart) registration, patient-initiated MyChart messages, telephone encounters, unscheduled physician visits, and ED presentations during a 1-month period before and after the procedure, were identified. Logistic regression analysis assessed relationships between MyChart use and study outcomes. RESULTS We identified 313 patients (200 MyChart users, 113 non-users) who underwent 374 procedures. MyChart users were younger (56 vs 61, p=0.0011) and more likely to be married (69.5% vs 48.7%, p=0.0004).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclopamine.html  Mychart users made less telephone calls, prior to (1.1 vs 1.2, p=0.005) and post procedure (0.9 vs 1.3, p=0.029) and had less ED visits (8 vs 18, p=0.0005). On multivariable analysis, MyChart non-users were 4.55 (95% CI 1.92--11.11) times more likely to have an unscheduled clinic visit (p=0.0006), 1.92 (95% CI 1.075-3.333) times more likely to have an ED visit (p=0.028) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.43-5.26) times more likely to have a post-operative complication (p=0.0026). CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing endourology procedures who use MyChart make less telephone calls and are significantly less likely to have an unscheduled clinic/ED visit or a complication.