https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ad-5584.html Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by adenoma formation in one of the 4 parathyroid glands. The presence of ectopic parathyroid tissue is relatively common and can lead to difficulties in identification and treatment if affected by adenoma. This report describes the case of a 45-year-old female who presented 10 years status post thyroidectomy with symptomatic hyperparathyroidism and found to have ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the anterior mediastinum. Parathyroid scintigraphy with 99m-Technetium sestamibi and computed tomography were used for localization of the adenoma to a 1.9-centimeter para-aortic nodule. Computed tomography-guided transsternal cryoablation was subsequently performed for treatment, with intraoperative evaluation of serum parathyroid and calcium levels for confirmation. This case highlights that a sharp increase in parathyroid hormone immediately after cryoablation is not necessary for successful confirmation of the procedure. It additionally contributes to the growing literature on computed tomography-guided cryoablation as a legitimate alternative to surgery for treatment of ectopic parathyroid adenoma. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of laser application in temporomandibular joint disorder. PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched systematically with restricting the languages to only English and year (January 2001 to March 2020), and studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Study quality and publication bias were assessed by using the Robvis, a software package of statistical software. This systematic review included 32 studies (1172 patients) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the studies reported significant reduction of pain by the use of the laser during TMD treatment. Two-thirds of the study (78.13%) found a better outcome comparing with conve