https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lji308.html To measure the sound intensity of popular infant white noise machines and Apple iPhone applications (apps) as they vary with volume setting and distance, and compare these output levels with current National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) noise exposure threshold recommendations. A total of eight infant white noise machines and six iPhone applications were included in the study based on product rating, number of ratings, and cost. The NIOSH Sound Level Meter application through the Apple App Store was used to measure output levels in A-weighted decibels (dBA). Each device was tested at its lowest and highest volume setting and at speaker-to-microphone distances simulating placement within a crib (10cm), just outside of a crib rail (30cm), and on a nightstand across the room (100cm). At the minimum volume setting, no device exceeded the NIOSH recommended noise exposure threshold of 85 dBA at any distance tested. At maximum volume setting, nine out of fourteen (64.3%) devices exceedeo promote safe use of white noise devices, future studies are needed to fully understand the association between early noise exposure and hearing loss in infants. Microtia is a congenital auricular malformation, often part of a syndromic form (35%-55% of cases). The accurate prevalence of associated malformations remains to be determined with regard to the heterogeneous results of the previous studies. This study aims to describe in a large population cohort the abnormalities associated with microtia and to determine the most suitable assessment for these children. This is a retrospective and observational cohort study collecting data from the medical records of children affected by microtia, diagnosed or followed-up between 2007 and 2017. Data were collected via a computer database. Clinical data, as well as imaging or genetic results, were noted. Six hundred ninety four children were included, 587 (84.6%) with unilate