The removal efficiency of contaminants in large-scale integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) and vertical-flow constructed wetland (VCW) for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) tail-water was evaluated, and the microbial community was also investigated in this study. The results for 14 months study period indicated that 40.05% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 45.47% ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), 62.55% total phosphorus (TP), 55.53% total nitrogen (TN) and 57.20% total suspended solids (TSS) average removal efficiencies were achieved in the IVCW. There was a poor performance of TN removal in the VCW, with an average removal efficiency of 38.13%. There was no significant seasonal difference in TP removal, and a strong positive correlation between influent TP load and removed load. The high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant in nature and wetland systems. The relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and anammox bacteria confirmed that nitrification, denitrification and anammox may be the main processes for nitrogen removal in the IVCW.As the second largest factor contributing to global warming, black carbon (BC) is also the main cause of smog pollution in Chinese cities and has negative influence on residential health. In this paper, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and structural path decomposition (SPD) are jointly used to identify the socioeconomic factors and critical supply chain paths driving consumption-based BC changes in Sichuan Province, which has become a main BC emission source since the implementation of "Western Development Strategy". The SDA results show that economic growth contributes 75.02 kt emission increase. Emission intensity plays a critical role in emission reduction, which offsets the emission increase by 56.00 kt. The results of SPD identify that the major paths influencing BC emission changes are "Petroleum Processing→(Construction/Metal Smelting and Production/Machinery and Equipment)→Final Demand," "Agriculture→(Food Production/Agriculture)→Final Demand," and "Transportation→(Commercial and Institution)→Final Demand." Socioeconomic drivers might pose a bidirectional impact on BC emission on different supply paths. The results reveal that BC reduction should emphasize reducing the emission intensity of the upstream sector, improving the production efficiency of the intermediate sector, and using cleaner alternatives in the downstream sectors on critical paths. The case of Sichuan may provide insights into the BC mitigation practices of other regions.The emission of nitrogenous pollution from agricultural lands in form of ammonia volatilization, leaching, runoff, N2O emissions, etc. is still a serious challenge to which agricultural sector faces. In this context, a vast number of decision support systems have been developed and tested to find the best nitrogen application rate. These models are highly dependent on crop simulation models, mathematical and regression models, evolutionary algorithms and artificial intelligent, GIS-based models, etc., while in most cases have ignored to be interfered with regional and national regulations established by experts in the field. In this study, a new framework combining analytical hierarchy (AHP)/modified AHP methods (MAHP) plus metaheuristic optimization techniques has been suggested to find the best nitrogen application rate considering regional capacities and requirements. To reach the objectives of the present study a three yield field experiment was conducted upon which crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake, soil nitrate, ammonia volatilization, N2O emissions, and N leaching were monitored or measured. Using the results from the field experiments and a survey from local experts, the models were developed. AHP-assisted optimization model could cause some biases in the final results due to its intrinsic nature which avoids direct pairwise comparison among indicators (so called sub-criteria) under two different main-criteria. On the contrary, MAHP-assisted model could well reflect the concerns of experts and notably decrease hotspot pollution. Such decision support system can satisfy both farmers and environmentalists' need because of the created high profit and low environmental pollution, while saving resources and ensuring a sustainable production system.Temperature and soil water availability play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of essential elements for plant growth, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). In this study, we investigated how drought and warming impact CNP stoichiometric ratios of different plant organs (leaves, inflorescences, and stems), and biomass allocation and production of a field-grown pasture of Stylosanthes capitata, a tropical forage legume. We evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+2 °C above ambient temperature) under two conditions of soil water availability, irrigated, and non-irrigated. In general, we observed that different functional plant organs showed distinct responses to drought and warming demonstrating how important is to evaluate different functional plant organs to unravel crop nutrient dynamics. In addition, interactive effects between warming and drought were observed in many situations, highlighting the importance of multifactorial studies. Our data showed that warming produced plants with more inflorescences, decreasing leafinflorescence ratio. However, only warming under well-watered conditions improved biomass production (in 38%). Warmed and irrigated plants showed higher stoichiometric homeostasis compared to other treatments. In an opposite direction, drought decreased P concentration and increased NP ratios in different organs, reducing the stoichiometric homeostasis under both conditions of temperature. We have concluded that warm and well-watered conditions without restrictions in soil nutrient availability can enhance plant production, presumably due to a higher level of stoichiometric homeostasis.Baker's yeast industries (BYI) generate highly polluted effluents, especially vinasse from yeast separators, with very high chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, sulphate and salts, mainly potassium and calcium. Anaerobic treatment is the most commonly applied method for treating BYI wastewaters. However, it is quite challenging to obtain a high performance due to the difficulties in biomass retention. Moreover, it does not provide compliance with COD and color discharge limits when used as a sole treatment process.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lenalidomide-s1029.html  In this context, a pilot scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor, which provides excellent biomass retention, was operated to investigate its treatment performance for vinasse from a BYI. The reactor achieved a COD removal between 48% and 92% up to a volumetric load of 10 kg COD m3 d-1. A specific methane production of 0.37 m3 CH4 kg-1 CODremoved was observed in the study. On the other hand, passage of inert organic compounds through membrane deteriorated permeate quality and treatment efficiency. High alkalinity and pH led to the accumulation of calcium precipitates, which reduced volatile solids fraction of sludge and biomass activity in the reactor.