https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fino2.html To meet environmental sustainability goals, microbial oils have been suggested as an alternative to petroleum-based products. At present, microbial fermentation for oil production relies on pure sugar-based feedstocks. However, these feedstocks are expensive and are in limited supply. Volatile fatty acids, which are generated as intermediates during anaerobic digestion of organic waste have emerged as a renewable feedstock that has the potential to replace conventional sugar sources for microbial oil production. They comprise short-chain (C2 to C6) organic acids and are employed as building blocks in the chemical industry. The present review discusses the use of oleaginous microorganisms for the production of biofuels and added-value products starting from volatile fatty acids as feedstocks. The review describes the metabolic pathways enabling lipogenesis from volatile fatty acids, and focuses on strategies to enhance lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms by tuning the ratios of volatile fatty acids generated via anaerobic fermentation.Ibuprofen (IBU) is a non-steroidal drug that is classified as a trace organic compound (TrOC). A forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (FOMBR) has traditionally been a favored technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, the IBU degradation mechanism was clarified using an FOMBR. The results indicated that the average removal efficiencies of contaminants were greater than 96.32%. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) results demonstrated that there were 10 intermediates and 5 possible pathways during the IBU degradation. Decarboxylation and hydroxylation may be the primary pathways of IBU degradation. The microbial results illustrated that Proteobacteria was dominant and of utmost importance in the degradation process. Thauera and Azoarcus were the dominant genera that participated in contaminant degradation.Rumen fluid