7 Ω/sq, with a corresponding Haacke's figure of merit (φH=Tave10Rs) of 0.064, which exceeds the reported value for the ZnO/Cu/ZnO electrodes, manifesting the need of experimental optimization in this study.Microalgae produce specific chemicals indicative of stress and/or death. The aim of this study was to perform non-destructive monitoring of algal culture systems, in the presence and absence of grazers, to identify potential biomarkers of incipient pond crashes. Here, we report ten volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are robustly generated by the marine alga, Microchloropsis salina, in the presence and/or absence of the marine grazer, Brachionus plicatilis. We cultured M. salina with and without B. plicatilis and collected in situ volatile headspace samples using thermal desorption tubes over the course of several days. Data from four experiments were aggregated, deconvoluted, and chromatographically aligned to determine VOCs with tentative identifications made via mass spectral library matching. VOCs generated by algae in the presence of actively grazing rotifers were confirmed via pure analytical standards to be pentane, 3-pentanone, 3-methylhexane, and 2-methylfuran. Six other VOCs were less specifically associated with grazing but were still commonly observed between the four replicate experiments. Through this work, we identified four biomarkers of rotifer grazing that indicate algal stress/death. This will aid machine learning algorithms to chemically define and diagnose algal mass production cultures and save algae cultures from imminent crash to make biofuel an alternative energy possibility.There is a dearth of information on the risk of inadequate and excess gestational weight gain (GWG) among different generations of Hispanic women in the United States. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand the relationship of GWG and immigration across three generations of Hispanic women. The study was conducted using data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). The study sample included 580 (unweighted count) women (148 first-generation, 117 second-generation, and 315 third-/higher-generation). Sociodemographic and immigration data were extracted from the main NLSY79 survey, and pregnancy data were extracted from the child/young adult survey following the biological children born to women in NLSY79. Covariate adjusted weighted logistic regression models were conducted to assess the risk of inadequate and excess GWG among the groups. Average total GWG was 14.98 kg, 23% had inadequate GWG, and 50% had excess GWG. After controlling for the covariates, there was no difference in the risk of inadequate GWG between the three generations. First-generation women (OR = 0.47, p = 0.039) and third-/higher-generation women (OR = 0.39, p = 0.004) had significantly lower risk of excess GWG compared to second-generation women. It is important to recognize the generational status of Hispanic women as a risk factor for excess GWG.Integration of living cells with nonbiological surfaces (substrates) of sensors, scaffolds, and implants implies severe restrictions on the interface quality and properties, which broadly cover all elements of the interaction between the living and artificial systems (materials, surface modifications, drug-eluting coatings, etc.). Substrate materials must support cellular viability, preserve sterility, and at the same time allow real-time analysis and control of cellular activity. We have compared new substrates based on graphene and pyrolytic carbon (PyC) for the cultivation of living cells. These are PyC films of nanometer thickness deposited on SiO2 and black silicon and graphene nanowall films composed of graphene flakes oriented perpendicular to the Si substrate. The structure, morphology, and interface properties of these substrates are analyzed in terms of their biocompatibility. The PyC demonstrates interface biocompatibility, promising for controlling cell proliferation and directional intercellular contact formation while as-grown graphene walls possess high hydrophobicity and poor biocompatibility. By performing experiments with C6 glioma cells we discovered that PyC is a cell-friendly coating that can be used without poly-l-lysine or other biopolymers for controlling cell adhesion. Thus, the opportunity to easily control the physical/chemical properties and nanotopography makes the PyC films a perfect candidate for the development of biosensors and 3D bioscaffolds.
  Most elderly people wish to grow old at their own homes.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apx2009.html  The sociodemographic characteristics; home and neighbourhood conditions; and the social services support and networks are determinants in the possibility of "ageing in place". The present study aimed to explore the ageing in place phenomenon, as well as the enablers and barriers that interact in a healthy ageing from the perspective of the elderly connected to local entities.
 
  A generic qualitative design was proposed in the Health Region of Girona in Catalonia (Spain). Seventy-one elderly people were purposefully selected. Six focus groups were conducted, and data were thematically analysed.
 
  Three key themes were generated (1) Participants experienced ageing differently. The physical and mental health, the family environment and financial stability were key elements for life quality. (2) The perception of the elderly's role in the community depended on their age, health status and attitude towards life. (3) The participants identified several enablers and barriers to healthy ageing in place.
 
  The promotion of older people's autonomy and wellbeing, together with the creation of an active network of health and social services, may improve the possibility for elderly to age at home and avoid or delay institutionalisation.
 The promotion of older people's autonomy and wellbeing, together with the creation of an active network of health and social services, may improve the possibility for elderly to age at home and avoid or delay institutionalisation.In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to act as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of inflammatory arthropathy sustained by autoimmune responses. We examine here the current knowledge of tryptophan and arginine metabolisms and the main immunoregulatory pathways in amino acid catabolism, in both RA patients and experimental models of arthritis. We found that l-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and, in particular, the kynurenine pathway would exert protective effects in all experimental models and in some, but not all, RA patients, possibly due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene coding for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1; the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway). The function, i.e., either protective or pathogenetic, of the l-arginine (Arg) metabolism in RA was less clear. In fact, although immunoregulatory arginase 1 (ARG1) was highly induced at the synovial level in RA patients, its true functional role is still unknown, possibly because of few available preclinical data.