In this review, we examine weight cycling prevalence and strategies in athletes and the current evidence relating to its short- and long-term consequences. In addition, a conceptual framework relating the dynamics of weight loss and recovery to athlete characteristics will be discussed, highlighting the need for well-controlled, prospective studies in this specific subpopulation.
  To evaluate patterns of blood pressure (BP) changes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving radiation (RT)/chemo-radiation (CRT) METHODS This study included data collection, compilation, and analysis of 451 consecutive HNC patients who underwent RT/CRT.
 
  Out of 451 patients, 376 (82%) were male and 75 (18%) were female with a median age of 52 years. Patients receiving 3DCRT experienced greater fall in BP, including for SBP and MAP, compared to those receiving IMRT-IGRT. Female patients experienced greater fall in diastolic BP as compared to male patients (p 0.03). At the end of treatment, we observed a significant association between a fall in systolic BP (decrease by 10% of baseline) and weight loss of more than 10% of baseline weight (p 0.03).
 
  Fall in BP during RT/CRT is significantly affected by treatment technique and sex and is strongly associated with significant weight loss.
 Fall in BP during RT/CRT is significantly affected by treatment technique and sex and is strongly associated with significant weight loss.
  How tumor cells disseminate to brain and establish brain metastasis remains partly an unsolved problem. This devastating complication of many cancers is initiated by a rare subset of the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed into the blood stream. Thus, the profiling of the molecular properties in these brain metastasis-initiating CTCs is essential to uncover the mechanisms underlying brain metastasis.
 
  Important efforts to improve the enrichment and detection of CTCs enabled the detailed molecular and functional analysis of CTCs that drive brain metastasis. In this review, we highlight key findings on existing preclinical studies that provide insights toward a comprehensive picture of brain metastasis-precursors in CTCs and the potential clinical implications.
 
  A deeper understanding of the brain metastasis precursors should help to stratify high-risk patients and improve preventive therapeutic strategies. Although all these preclinical evidences have yet to be translated into patients, they provide considerable hope to benefit patients with brain metastases in the future.
 A deeper understanding of the brain metastasis precursors should help to stratify high-risk patients and improve preventive therapeutic strategies.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cc-930.html  Although all these preclinical evidences have yet to be translated into patients, they provide considerable hope to benefit patients with brain metastases in the future.
  To assess role of vitamin D-calcium supplementation on the metabolic profile and oxidative stress in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) controlled on diet.
 
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Seventy women diagnosed as GDM at 24-28 weeks of gestation, controlled on a diabetic diet, were randomized to receive either vitamin D 1000 IU and calcium 1000 mg (group A, n = 34) or vitamin D 250 IU and calcium 500 mg (group B, n = 36) daily for 6 weeks. Levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin, fasting lipid profile and total glutathione (GSH) were analyzed both prior to and after supplementation. Means, standard deviations and mean change were computed. Paired and independent t-tests were used to determine statistical significance between the two groups.
 
  Women in group A showed a significant reduction in FPG level (P-value = 0.007), fasting serum insulin level (P-value = 0.000), LDL (P-value = 0.000), total cholesterol levels (P-value = 0.000) and increase in HDL levels (P-value = 0.000). Group B had a significant fall only in FPG after 6 weeks supplementation. A significant change in total glutathione level (P-value = 0.000) was observed in both groups.
 
  Vitamin D and calcium supplementation at a dose of 1000 IU and 1000 mg, respectively, has a beneficial role in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in GDM.
 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation at a dose of 1000 IU and 1000 mg, respectively, has a beneficial role in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in GDM.
  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more and more prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Evidence connecting NAFLD to diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasing, but the results vary. Thus, we undertook a meta-analysis to explore the effect of NAFLD on diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 
  PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus database were searched for until September 30, 2019. Original studies analyzing the association between NAFLD and diabetic retinopathy in the type 2 diabetic population were included. This meta-analysis was processed by RevMan 5.3 software. Subgroup analyses based on countries were carried out. The pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the association between NAFLD and diabetic retinopathy incidence. The I
  test was used to assess heterogeneity of studies.
 
  We retrieved 414 articles, and nine studies involving 7,170 patients were included in the final analysis. The pooled effects estimate suggested that NAFLD was not associated with the risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subgroup analysis suggested that in China, Korea and Iran, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with NAFLD had a decreased risk for diabetic retinopathy compared with the non-NAFLD individuals. However, in Italy and India, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with NAFLD had an increased risk for diabetic retinopathy compared with the non-NAFLD individuals. In addition, no relevance between NAFLD and diabetic retinopathy was found in America.
 
  On the whole, there was no association between NAFLD and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, subgroup analysis showed that a difference of country may have an influence on the result.
 On the whole, there was no association between NAFLD and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, subgroup analysis showed that a difference of country may have an influence on the result.