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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/compound-3i.html 05), whereas semen volume, subjective motility, and total sperm output were not affected (P > 0.05). In frozen-thawed semen, total and progressive motility, viability, and straight-line velocity were lower in high THI compared to the low THI group (P less then 0.05), while H2O2 concentration, aberrant chromatin condensation, and abnormal spermatozoa were higher in the high THI group (P less then 0.05). Blastocyst rates were significantly higher when low THI samples were used (P less then 0.05). Moreover, the total cell number and trophectoderm cells were significantly higher (P less then 0.05) in blastocysts derived from low THI samples, whereas the apoptotic cell ratio was significantly higher (P less then 0.01) in blastocysts derived from high THI spermatozoa. In summary, our data show that elevated ambient temperature and humidity during summer can decrease the quality of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in Belgian Blue bulls and also affect subsequent embryo development.Spexin (SPX) is a recently identified peptide hormone of 14 amino acids. Interestingly, Spx and Kiss1 genes share a common ancestor gene. Considering that KISS1 peptides are key controllers of breeding in mammals and circumstantial evidence that SPX regulates gonadotropins in some fish species, we hypothesized that SPX may play a KISS1-related role in sheep. Here, we cloned the ovine Spx cDNA, performed in vivo injection and infusion of SPX (i.c.v. route, with or without concomittant KISS1 presence) and assessed a potential regulation of Spx expression by season, thyroid hormone and estradiol in the medio-basal hypothalamus of the ewe. Our data do not provide support for a role of SPX in the control of the gonadotropic axis in the ewe. People who inject drugs (PWID) commonly experience harms related to their injecting, many of which are consequences of modifiable drug use practices. There is currently a gap in our understanding of how certain injecti

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