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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/proteinase-k.html Glaucoma is a kind of blind-causing disease with structural damages of optic nerve and defection of visual field. It is believed that the death of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a consequential event of over-reactive immune orchestral cells such as microglia. Previous evidences in animal and clinical studies show the innate immunity plays a pivotal role in neuro-inflammation of glaucoma. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed on microglia and mediates many neuroinflammatory diseases. We aimed to explore the impacts of high intraocular pressure (IOP) on rat microglia in retina and the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in scratched microglia cells. In our study, we successfully established chronic high IOP rat model by episcleral vein cauterization (EVC) which behaved like the chronic glaucoma. Besides, we set up an in vitro scratch-induced injury model in rat microglia cells. We found the level of activated microglia cells were significantly increased in the retina of chronic high IOP groups. Moreover, the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway suppressed the expression of TLR4 protein and mRNA levels of P50, IL-6 and TNF-α. Our original study provided a theoretical basis on targeting TLR4/NF-κB to suppress pro-inflammatory factors releasing in activated microglia and it might be a good treatment target to prevent glaucoma from progressing. V.OBJECTIVE This study aims to select the most effective anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) component of flavonoids from Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. by anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in vitro, and to elucidate the mechanism. METHODS The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of total flavonoids (TF) and four flavonoid components (genkwanin, hydroxygenkwanin, luteolin and apigenin) were determined by pharmacological approach in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and ConA-induced T lymphocytes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obt

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