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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ik-930.html Immune cells such as T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells express various cholinergic system components, including muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs, respectively) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), depending on the status of the immune system. The cholinergic system which these components comprise has important effects on the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. α7 nAChR is a neuronal-type nAChR composed of a homopentamer of the α7 subunit and is characterized by high permeability to Ca2+. It is also expressed in immune cells. For example, α7 nAChRs expressed in B cells suppress IgG production by suppressing B cell maturation into plasma cells. In addition, α7 nAChRs expressed in macrophages suppress production and release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a mouse lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model, thereby protecting the mice from lethal shock. In this review, we summarize the functions of α7 nAChRs expressed in CD4+ helper T (Th) cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages. We focus in particular on their role in Th cell differentiation. α7 nAChRs on APCs interfere with antigen presentation, which leads to suppression of Th cell differentiation. By contrast, α7 nAChRs on naïve Th cells enhance their differentiation. These distinct roles of α7 nAChRs expressed in APCs and Th cells could be useful for development of drugs and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immune- and inflammation-related diseases and cancers.Management of chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and the associated pharmaceutical interventions as well as supportive care evidence creation are the most important responsibilities of oncology pharmacists. We have evaluated the (1) efficacy of long-term and successive pharmaceutical care in outpatient chemotherapy and (2) nephroprotective effects of magnesium (Mg) against cisplatin-induced nep

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